{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T01:08:44Z","timestamp":1769044124950,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62073250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62073250"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62303360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62303360"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Network topology plays a key role in determining the characteristics and dynamical behaviors of a network. But in practice, network topology is sometimes hidden or uncertain ahead of time because of network complexity. In this paper, a robust-synchronization-based topology observer (STO) is proposed and applied to solve the problem of identifying the topology of complex delayed networks (TICDNs). In comparison to the existing literature, the proposed STO does not require any prior knowledge about the range of topological parameters and does not have strict limits on topology type. Furthermore, the proposed STO is suitable not only for networks with fixed coupling strength, but also for networks with adaptive coupling strength. Finally, a few comparison examples for TICDNs are used to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed STO, and the results show that the proposed STO outperforms the other methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e26060525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T11:47:17Z","timestamp":1718797637000},"page":"525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design of a Robust Synchronization-Based Topology Observer for Complex Delayed Networks with Fixed and Adaptive Coupling Strength"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"School of Mechatronics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China"},{"name":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaiyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1094-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"},{"name":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Statistical mechanics of complex networks","volume":"26","author":"Albert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. 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