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Fifteen unilateral chronic stroke and twelve healthy participants joined passive and volitional recumbent pedaling tasks using a self-modified stationary bike with a constant speed of 25 revolutions per minute. The fuzzy approximate entropy (fApEn) was adopted in EMG complexity estimation. EMG complexity values of stroke participants during pedaling were smaller than those of healthy participants (p = 0.002). For chronic stroke participants, the complexity of paretic limbs was smaller than that of non-paretic limbs during the passive pedaling task (p = 0.005). Additionally, there was a significant correlation between clinical scores and the paretic EMG complexity during passive pedaling (p = 0.022, p = 0.028), indicating that the paretic EMG complexity during passive movement might serve as an indicator of stroke motor function status. This study suggests that EMG complexity is an appropriate quantitative tool for measuring neuromuscular characteristics in lower limb dynamic movement tasks for chronic stroke survivors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e26070538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T08:42:03Z","timestamp":1719218523000},"page":"538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pedaling Asymmetry Reflected by Bilateral EMG Complexity in Chronic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4182-3201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi-Chun","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen 518110, China"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-7509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4375-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond Kai-Yu","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31363-5","article-title":"Stroke Systems of Care in High-Income Countries: What Is Optimal?","volume":"396","author":"Langhorne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30218-0","article-title":"Time for the next Stage of Stroke Recovery Trials","volume":"19","author":"Kwakkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, Y.-H., Lee, D.-H., and Lee, J.-H. 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