{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:55:51Z","timestamp":1780361751579,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,22]],"date-time":"2024-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012650","name":"TU Wien Bibliothek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14.08.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14.08.2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012650","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FFG, BMK, BMAW, and the federal state of Vienna - COMET","award":["SBA Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBA Research"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Assembly Theory provides a promising framework to explain the complexity of systems such as molecular structures and the origins of life, with broad applicability across various disciplines. In this study, we explore and consolidate different aspects of Assembly Theory by introducing a simplified Toy Model to simulate the autocatalytic formation of complex structures. This model abstracts the molecular formation process, focusing on the probabilistic control of catalysis rather than the intricate interactions found in organic chemistry. We establish a connection between probabilistic catalysis events and key principles of Assembly Theory, particularly the probability of a possible construction path in the formation of a complex object, and examine how the assembly of complex objects is impacted by the presence of autocatalysis. Our findings suggest that this presence of autocatalysis tends to favor longer consecutive construction sequences in environments with a low probability of catalysis, while this bias diminishes in environments with higher catalysis probabilities, highlighting the significant influence of environmental factors on the assembly of complex structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e26090808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T10:41:47Z","timestamp":1727174507000},"page":"808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Autocatalytic Sets and Assembly Theory: A Toy Model Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2206-9263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Raubitzek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Complexity and Resilience Research Group, SBA Research gGmbH, Floragasse 7\/5.OG, 1040 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Schatten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Systems Engineering, TU Wien, Favoritenstrasse 9-11\/194, 1040 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7361-6430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Security and Privacy, University of Vienna, Kolingasse 14-16 5.OG, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0594-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edina","family":"Marica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complexity and Resilience Research Group, SBA Research gGmbH, Floragasse 7\/5.OG, 1040 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7620-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Eresheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Josef Ressel Zentrum f\u00fcr Blockchain-Technologien und Sicherheitsmanagement, FH St. P\u00f6lten, Arbeitsplatz B\u2014Campus Platz, 3100 St. P\u00f6lten, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3031-505X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Mallinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Group, TU Wien, Favoritenstrasse 9-11\/194, 1040 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell, M. 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