{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T23:00:34Z","timestamp":1776726034734,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Using polygeneration systems is one of the most cost-effective ways for energy efficiency improvement, which secures sustainable energy development and reduces environmental impacts. This paper investigates a polygeneration system powered by low- to medium-grade waste heat and using CO2 as a working fluid to simultaneously produce electric power, refrigeration, and heating capacities. The system is simulated in Aspen HYSYS\u00ae and evaluated by applying advanced exergy-based methods. With the split of exergy destruction and investment cost into avoidable and unavoidable parts, the avoidable part reveals the real improvement potential and priority of each component. Subsequently, an exergoeconomic graphical optimization is implemented at the component level to improve the system performance further. Optimization results and an engineering solution considering technical limitations are proposed. Compared to the base case, the system exergetic efficiency was improved by 15.4% and the average product cost was reduced by 7.1%; while the engineering solution shows an increase of 11.3% in system exergetic efficiency and a decrease of 8.5% in the average product cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e26100886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T12:40:32Z","timestamp":1729514432000},"page":"886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Advanced Exergy-Based Optimization of a Polygeneration System with CO2 as Working Fluid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Energy Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstr. 18, 10587 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianxin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Energy Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstr. 18, 10587 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2968-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Morosuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Energy Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstr. 18, 10587 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IEA (2024, August 05). World Energy Outlook 2023. Available online: https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/world-energy-outlook-2023."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2007.05.024","article-title":"Modeling and optimization of polygeneration energy systems","volume":"127","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2007.07.016","article-title":"Trigeneration primary energy saving evaluation for energy planning and policy development","volume":"35","author":"Chicco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-7007(94)90059-0","article-title":"Revival of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant","volume":"17","author":"Lorentzen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Refrig."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.111882","article-title":"Exergoeconomic investigation of a multi-generation system with CO2 as the working fluid using waste heat","volume":"197","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tashtoush, B., Luo, J., and Morosuk, T. (2024). Exergy-Based Optimization of a CO2 Polygeneration System: A Multi-Case Study. Energies, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/en17020291"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.11.123","article-title":"Advanced exergy-based methods used to understand and improve energy-conversion systems","volume":"169","author":"Morosuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Tsatsaronis, G., and Morosuk, T.V. (2007, January 11\u201315). Advanced Exergoeconomic Evaluation and its Application to Compression Refrigeration Machines. Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2007, Seattle, WA, USA. IMECE2007-412202."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.10.090","article-title":"Splitting physical exergy: Theory and application","volume":"167","author":"Morosuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Bell, E. (2014). Mathematics of fitting scientific data. Molecular Life Sciences: An Encyclopedic Reference, Springer."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/26\/10\/886\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:17:43Z","timestamp":1760113063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/26\/10\/886"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["e26100886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e26100886","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-4300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]}}}