{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T07:57:22Z","timestamp":1767772642295,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62401140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62401140"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>User-perceived throughput is a novel performance metric attracting a considerable amount of recent attention because it characterizes the quality of the experience in mobile multimedia services. For instance, it gives a data rate of video streaming with which a user will not experience any lag or outage in watching video clips. However, its performance limit remains open. In this paper, we are interested in the achievable upper bound of user-perceived throughput, also referred to as the user-perceived capacity, and how to achieve it in typical wireless channels. We find that the user-perceived capacity is quite limited or even zero with channel state information at the receiver (CSIR) only. When both CSIR and channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) are available, the user-perceived throughput can be substantially improved by power or even rate adaptation. A constrained Markov decision process (CMDP)-based approach is conceived to compute the user-perceived capacity with joint power\u2013rate adaptation. It is rigorously shown that the optimal policy obeys a threshold-based rule with time, backlog, and channel gain thresholds. With power adaptation only, the user-perceived capacity is equal to the hard-delay-constrained capacity in our previous work and achieved by joint diversity and channel inversion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e26110914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T09:51:26Z","timestamp":1730109086000},"page":"914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["User-Perceived Capacity: Theory, Computation, and Achievable Policies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8182-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanrui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6911-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9066-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900287","article-title":"A Vision of 6G Wireless Systems: Applications, Trends, Technologies, and Open Research Problems","volume":"34","author":"Saad","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"100158","article-title":"6G: A survey on technologies, scenarios, challenges, and the related issues","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ind. Inf. Integr."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2023). 5G End to End Key Performance Indicators (KPI) (Release 18). V18.2.0 (Standard No. 3GPP TS 28.554)."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1109\/71.313121","article-title":"Real-time communication in multihop networks","volume":"5","author":"Kandhlur","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craciunas, S.S., Oliver, R.S., Chmel\u00edk, M., and Steiner, W. (2016, January 19\u201321). Scheduling real-time communication in IEEE 802.1 Qbv time sensitive networks. Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, Brest, France.","DOI":"10.1145\/2997465.2997470"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danielis, P., Skodzik, J., Altmann, V., Schweissguth, E.B., Golatowski, F., Timmermann, D., and Schacht, J. (2014, January 16\u201319). Survey on real-time communication via ethernet in industrial automation environments. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA), Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2014.7005074"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864847","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1864847","article-title":"A survey on real-time communications in wireless sensor networks","volume":"2017","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3190205","article-title":"A Perspective on Time Toward Wireless 6G","volume":"110","author":"Popovski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3280969","article-title":"Diversity Enabled Low-Latency Wireless Communications with Hard Delay Constraints","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2016.2619717","article-title":"Sending Perishable Information: Coding Improves Delay-Constrained Throughput Even for Single Unicast","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1109\/T-WC.2008.080037","article-title":"Energy-efficient scheduling of delay constrained traffic over fading channels","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2011.2132510","article-title":"On Optimal Power Control for Delay-Constrained Communication over Fading Channels","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6556","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2012.2204031","article-title":"Optimal Dynamic Coding-Window Selection for Serving Deadline-Constrained Traffic Over Time-Varying Channels","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11134-012-9293-y","article-title":"Queueing systems with hard delay constraints: A framework for real-time communication over unreliable wireless channels","volume":"71","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Queueing Syst."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, R., Hou, I.H., and Kumar, P.R. (May, January 27). Fluctuation analysis of debt based policies for wireless networks with hard delay constraints. Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2014\u2014IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, Toronto, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2014.6848185"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.1994.580218","article-title":"On the ability of establishing real-time channels in point-to-point packet-switched networks","volume":"42","author":"Zheng","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2425951","article-title":"Throughput Optimization in Multichannel Cognitive Radios with Hard-Deadline Constraints","volume":"65","author":"Ewaisha","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2867029","article-title":"Ultrareliable and Low-Latency Wireless Communication: Tail, Risk, and Scale","volume":"106","author":"Bennis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, S., and Chen, W. (2020, January 7\u201311). Minimizing the Queue-Length-Bound Violation Probability for URLLC: A Cross Layer Approach. Proceedings of the GLOBECOM 2020\u20132020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, Taipei, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM42002.2020.9322353"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., and Chen, W. (2021, January 14\u201323). Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access: A Cross-Layer Approach. Proceedings of the ICC 2021\u2014IEEE International Conference on Communications, Montreal, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC42927.2021.9500319"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2762684","article-title":"Cross-Layer Optimization for Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Radio Access Networks","volume":"17","author":"She","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4132","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2898573","article-title":"Dynamic Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Edge Computing","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4055","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3370441","article-title":"Online Multi-User Scheduling for XR Transmissions With Hard-Latency Constraint: Performance Analysis and Practical Design","volume":"72","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2008.928249","article-title":"Optimal Rate Control for Delay-Constrained Data Transmission over a Wireless Channel","volume":"54","author":"Zafer","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Berry, R., Modiano, E., and Zafer, M. (2022). Energy-Efficient Scheduling Under Delay Constraints for Wireless Networks, Springer Nature."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Zafer, M., and Modiano, E. (2005, January 13\u201317). A calculus approach to minimum energy transmission policies with quality of service guarantees. Proceedings of the IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, Miami, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2009.2020831","article-title":"A Calculus Approach to Energy-Efficient Data Transmission with Quality-of-Service Constraints","volume":"17","author":"Zafer","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2006.1611093","article-title":"Optimal transmission scheduling over a fading channel with energy and deadline constraints","volume":"5","author":"Fu","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2012.2236917","article-title":"Asymptotically Optimal Policies for Hard-Deadline Scheduling over Fading Channels","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Zafer, M.A. (2007). Dynamic Rate-Control and Scheduling Algorithms for Quality-of-Service in Wireless Networks. [Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Zafer, M., and Modiano, E. (2005, January 28\u201330). Continuous-time optimal rate control for delay constrained data transmission. Proceedings of the Allerton Conference, Monticello, IL, USA."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2009.2034202","article-title":"Minimum Energy Transmission Over a Wireless Channel with Deadline and Power Constraints","volume":"54","author":"Zafer","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Tarello, A., Sun, J., Zafer, M., and Modiano, E. (2005, January 3\u20137). Minimum energy transmission scheduling subject to deadline constraints. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt\u201905), Riva del Garda, Italy."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2004.838355","article-title":"On adaptive transmission for energy efficiency in wireless data networks","volume":"50","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2018.2874671","article-title":"Throughput Optimal Decentralized Scheduling of Multihop Networks with End-to-End Deadline Constraints: Unreliable Links","volume":"64","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2021.3063626","article-title":"Adaptive CSMA for Decentralized Scheduling of Multi-Hop Networks with End-to-End Deadline Constraints","volume":"29","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundar, S., and Liang, B. (2018, January 16\u201319). Offloading Dependent Tasks with Communication Delay and Deadline Constraint. Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2018\u2014IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8486305"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2012.090312.110938","article-title":"Energy-Efficient Deadline-Constrained Maximum Reliability Forwarding in Lossy Networks","volume":"11","author":"Zou","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2015.2438032","article-title":"Distributed Algorithms for Multirobot Task Assignment with Task Deadline Constraints","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Collins, B., and Cruz, R.L. (1999, January 22\u201324). Transmission policies for time varying channels with average delay constraints. Proceedings of the Annual Allerton Conference on Communication Control and Computing, Monticello, IL, USA."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2003.1235598","article-title":"Cross-layer design for wireless networks","volume":"41","author":"Shakkottai","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2005.1404568","article-title":"A cautionary perspective on cross-layer design","volume":"12","author":"Kawadia","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2005.1561928","article-title":"Cross-layer design: A survey and the road ahead","volume":"43","author":"Srivastava","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tassiulas, L., and Ephremides, A. (1990, January 5\u20137). Stability properties of constrained queueing systems and scheduling policies for maximum throughput in multihop radio networks. Proceedings of the 29th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.1990.204000"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Neely, M. (2022). Stochastic Network Optimization with Application to Communication and Queueing Systems, Springer Nature."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269964804182041","article-title":"Scheduling in a queuing system with asynchronously varying service rates","volume":"18","author":"Andrews","year":"2004","journal-title":"Probab. Eng. Informational Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2010.2068308","article-title":"Delay-Optimal Opportunistic Scheduling and Approximations: The Log Rule","volume":"19","author":"Sadiq","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"185","article-title":"Scheduling for multiple flows sharing a time-varying channel: The exponential rule","volume":"207","author":"Shakkottai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transl. Am. Math. Soc. Ser."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Leonardi, E., Mellia, M., Neri, F., and Ajmone Marsan, M. (2001, January 22\u201326). Bounds on average delays and queue size averages and variances in input-queued cell-based switches. Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213), Anchorage, AK, USA."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1109\/26.780463","article-title":"Achieving 100% throughput in an input-queued switch","volume":"47","author":"McKeown","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"593","article-title":"Analysis of scheduling algorithms that provide 100% throughput in input-queued switches","volume":"Volume 39","author":"Keslassy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Allerton Conference on Communication Control and Computing"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1109\/9.341782","article-title":"Stability of queueing networks and scheduling policies","volume":"40","author":"Kumar","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1109\/18.212277","article-title":"Dynamic server allocation to parallel queues with randomly varying connectivity","volume":"39","author":"Tassiulas","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1109\/35.900644","article-title":"Providing quality of service over a shared wireless link","volume":"39","author":"Andrews","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2002.808401","article-title":"Power allocation and routing in multibeam satellites with time-varying channels","volume":"11","author":"Neely","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2011.2178150","article-title":"A Survey on Delay-Aware Resource Control for Wireless Systems\u2014Large Deviation Theory, Stochastic Lyapunov Drift, and Distributed Stochastic Learning","volume":"58","author":"Cui","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3938","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2979136","article-title":"Joint Channel and Queue Aware Scheduling for Latency Sensitive Mobile Edge Computing with Power Constraints","volume":"19","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1109\/18.995554","article-title":"Communication over fading channels with delay constraints","volume":"48","author":"Berry","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2006.1611068","article-title":"Optimal and suboptimal packet scheduling over correlated time varying flat fading channels","volume":"5","author":"Karmokar","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2017.2691711","article-title":"Delay-Optimal Buffer-Aware Scheduling with Adaptive Transmission","volume":"65","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2018.2875119","article-title":"Joint Queue-Aware and Channel-Aware Delay Optimal Scheduling of Arbitrarily Bursty Traffic over Multi-State Time-Varying Channels","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2958325","article-title":"Delay-Optimal and Energy-Efficient Communications with Markovian Arrivals","volume":"68","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2010.062910.081209","article-title":"Delay-Minimal Transmission for Average Power Constrained Multi-Access Communications","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5053","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2904577","article-title":"Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for Delay-Sensitive Communications: A Cross-Layer Approach","volume":"67","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"(2023). NR; Physical Layer Procedures for Data. V17.4.0 (Standard No. 3GPP TS 38.214)."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Puterman, M.L. (2014). Markov Decision Processes: Discrete Stochastic Dynamic Programming, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"(2019). Study on Physical Layer Enhancements for NR Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Case (URLLC). V16.0.0 (Standard No. 3GPP TR 38.824)."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/26\/11\/914\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:22:21Z","timestamp":1760113341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/26\/11\/914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["e26110914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e26110914","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-4300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]}}}