{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:38:32Z","timestamp":1760146712150,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office","award":["DE-AC07-05ID14517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC07-05ID14517"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ubiquitous two-step Michaelis\u2013Menten and Temkin\u2013Boudart reaction mechanisms are extended to include the influence of the catalyst electronic subsystem in a 5-step mechanism. The resulting kinetic equation provides an alternative explanation for the well-known volcano-shaped dependence found in catalysis. The equilibrium constants of fast electronic steps are highlighted for their influence on adsorption and desorption through the relative concentration of charged versus neutral intermediates. This generalized concept can be widely applied to determine the optimal catalyst, based on the Fermi level of the material, for reactions proceeding via this universal reaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e26121029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T07:28:01Z","timestamp":1732778881000},"page":"1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding Catalyst \u2018Volcano\u2019 Dependence Through Fermi-Level Controlled Kinetics Using Electronic Theory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4294-1717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigora","family":"Turaeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Webster University, Saint Louis, MO 63119, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8970-1943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Yablonsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Fushimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catalysis and Transient Kinetics Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-0564(08)60603-3","article-title":"The electron theory of catalysis on semiconductors","volume":"12","author":"Wolkenstein","year":"1960","journal-title":"Adv. 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