{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T03:20:24Z","timestamp":1781839224580,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62072417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072417"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["242102210141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102210141"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022M720650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M720650"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202301A315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301A315"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22567637H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22567637H"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","award":["62072417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072417"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","award":["242102210141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102210141"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","award":["2022M720650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M720650"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","award":["202301A315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301A315"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","award":["22567637H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22567637H"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["62072417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072417"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["242102210141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102210141"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2022M720650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M720650"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["202301A315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301A315"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["22567637H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22567637H"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan of Qinhuangdao City\u2014Science and Technology Support Project","award":["62072417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072417"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan of Qinhuangdao City\u2014Science and Technology Support Project","award":["242102210141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102210141"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan of Qinhuangdao City\u2014Science and Technology Support Project","award":["2022M720650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M720650"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan of Qinhuangdao City\u2014Science and Technology Support Project","award":["202301A315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301A315"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan of Qinhuangdao City\u2014Science and Technology Support Project","award":["22567637H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22567637H"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory Project of Software Engineering in Hebei Province","award":["62072417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072417"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory Project of Software Engineering in Hebei Province","award":["242102210141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102210141"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory Project of Software Engineering in Hebei Province","award":["2022M720650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M720650"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory Project of Software Engineering in Hebei Province","award":["202301A315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301A315"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory Project of Software Engineering in Hebei Province","award":["22567637H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22567637H"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increasing importance of securing images during network transmission, this paper introduces a novel image encryption algorithm that integrates a 3D chaotic system with V-shaped scrambling techniques. The proposed method begins by constructing a unique 3D chaotic system to generate chaotic sequences for encryption. These sequences determine a random starting point for V-shaped scrambling, which facilitates the transformation of image pixels into quaternary numbers. Subsequently, four innovative bit-level scrambling strategies are employed to enhance encryption strength. To further improve randomness, DNA encoding is applied to both the image and chaotic sequences, with chaotic sequences directing crossover and DNA operations. Ciphertext feedback is then utilized to propagate changes across the image, ensuring increased complexity and security. Extensive simulation experiments validate the algorithm\u2019s robust encryption performance for grayscale images, yielding uniformly distributed histograms, near-zero correlation values, and an information entropy value of 7.9975, approaching the ideal threshold. The algorithm also features a large key space, providing robust protection against brute force attacks while effectively resisting statistical, differential, noise, and cropping attacks. These results affirm the algorithm\u2019s reliability and security for image communication and transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27010084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T06:53:32Z","timestamp":1737442412000},"page":"84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Image Encryption Method Based on Three-Dimensional Chaotic Systems and V-Shaped Scrambling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Vocational College of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2190-7651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuncai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengye","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-018-1363-x","article-title":"Optical double color image encryption scheme in the Fresnel-based Hartley domain using Arnold transform and chaotic logistic adjusted sine phase masks","volume":"50","author":"Faragallah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. 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