{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T19:10:36Z","timestamp":1770837036700,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Space Agency, ASI, and the Ministry of University and Research, MUR","award":["I53D24000060005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I53D24000060005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Irreversibility and the processes occurring at ion and sub-ion scales are key challenges in understanding energy dissipation in non-collisional space plasmas. Recent advances have significantly improved the characterization of irreversibility and energy transfer across scales in turbulent fluid-like media, using high-order correlation functions and testing the validity of certain fluctuation relations. In this study, we explore irreversibility at non-MHD scales during a magnetospheric current disruption event. Our approach involves analyzing the asymmetric correlation function, assessing the validity of a fluctuation relation, and investigating delayed coupling between different scales to reveal evidence of a cascading mechanism. The results clearly demonstrate the irreversible nature of fluctuations at ion and sub-ion scales. Additionally, we provide potential evidence for an energy cascading mechanism occurring over short time delays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27030260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T05:52:16Z","timestamp":1740981136000},"page":"260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Irreversibility and Energy Transfer at Non-MHD Scales in a Magnetospheric Current Disruption Event"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3403-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Consolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF\u2014Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2708-0739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"De Michelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12942\/lrsp-2013-2","article-title":"The solar wind as a turbulence laboratory","volume":"10","author":"Bruno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Living Rev. 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