{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:37:39Z","timestamp":1782607059252,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62471046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62471046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62401324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62401324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Chip (ICFC)","award":["62471046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62471046"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Chip (ICFC)","award":["62401324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62401324"]}]},{"name":"Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program","award":["62471046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62471046"]}]},{"name":"Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program","award":["62401324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62401324"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a novel paradigm in quantum communication, quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) enables secure, reliable, and deterministic information transmission, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics. One-photon-interference QSDC is particularly attractive because it mitigates the vulnerabilities in measurement devices while extending transmission distances. In this paper, we propose a high-dimensional one-photon-interference QSDC protocol that exploits the advantages of high-dimensional encoding in the phase of weak coherent pluses to further enhance transmission distances and improve secrecy channel capacity. The security of this protocol is analyzed using quantum wiretap channel theory, and its resistance to common quantum threats is discussed. Numerical simulations demonstrate that our protocol outperforms its predecessor in terms of its secrecy capacity and extends the maximum communication distance achievable up to 494 km, which is over 13% longer than the two-dimensional case, effectively doubling the transmission length of traditional protocols. These improvements highlight the protocol\u2019s potential for use in quantum communication applications in this era of frequent data breaches and information leaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27040332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T07:46:50Z","timestamp":1742802410000},"page":"332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High-Dimensional and Multi-Intensity One-Photon-Interference Quantum Secure Direct Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yu-Ting","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1458-6439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang-Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Research Lab, China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-3457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing-Bo","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9023-1579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gui-Lu","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bennett, C.H., and Brassard, G. 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