{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:07:25Z","timestamp":1775066845581,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ART020-Quantum Technologies Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we study the synchronization of dissipative quantum harmonic oscillators in the framework of a quantum open system via the active\u2013passive decomposition (APD) configuration. We show that two or more quantum systems may be synchronized when the quantum systems of interest are embedded in dissipative environments and influenced by a common classical system. Such a classical system is typically termed a controller, which (1) can drive quantum systems to cross different regimes (e.g., from periodic to chaotic motions) and (2) constructs the so-called active\u2013passive decomposition configuration, such that all the quantum objects under consideration may be synchronized. The main finding of this paper is that we demonstrate that the complete synchronizations measured using the standard quantum deviation may be achieved for both stable regimes (quantum limit circles) and unstable regimes (quantum chaotic motions). As an example, we numerically show in an optomechanical setup that complete synchronization can be realized in quantum mechanical resonators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27040432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T08:09:17Z","timestamp":1744790957000},"page":"432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quantum Synchronization via Active\u2013Passive Decomposition Configuration: An Open Quantum-System Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9690-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hugenii, C. 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