{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:15:06Z","timestamp":1760058906886,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanxi Education Department Fund","award":["2020L0546","202403021211084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020L0546","202403021211084"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Province Fundamental Research Program\u2014Free Exploration General Project","award":["2020L0546","202403021211084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020L0546","202403021211084"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We study the topological defects and spin structures of rotating SU(3) spin\u2013orbit-coupled spin F=1 Bose\u2013Einstein condensates (BECs) in an in-plane quadrupole field with ferromagnetic spin interaction, and the BECs is confined by a harmonic trap. Without rotation, as the quadrupole field strength is increased, the spin F=1 BECs with SU(3) spin\u2013orbit coupling (SOC) evolves from the initial Thomas\u2013Fermi phase into the stripe phase; then, it enters a vortex\u2013antivortex cluster state and eventually a polar-core vortex state. In the absence of rotation with the given quadrupole field, the enhancing SU(3) SOC strength can cause a phase transition from a central Mermin\u2013Ho vortex to a vortex\u2013antivortex cluster, subsequently converting to a bending vortex\u2013antivortex chain. In addition, when considering rotation, it is found that this system generates the following five typical quantum phases: a three-vortex-chain cluster structure with mutual angles of approximately 2\u03c03, a tree-fork-like vortex chain cluster, a rotationally symmetric vortex necklace, a diagonal vortex chain cluster, and a density hole vortex cluster. Particularly, the system exhibits unusual topological structures and spin textures, such as a bending half-skyrmion\u2013half-antiskyrmion (meron\u2013antimeron) chain, three half-skyrmion (meron) chains with mutual angles of an approximately 2\u03c03, slightly curved diagonal half-skyrmion (meron) cluster lattice, a skyrmion\u2013half-skyrmion (skyrmion-meron) necklace, and a tree-fork-like half-skyrmion (meron) chain cluster lattice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27050508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T08:20:23Z","timestamp":1746778823000},"page":"508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In-Plane Gradient Magnetic Field-Induced Topological Defects in Rotating Spin-1 Bose\u2013Einstein Condensates with SU(3) Spin-Orbit Coupling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou 034000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng-Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou 034000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf6689","article-title":"Realization of Two-dimensional Spin-orbit Coupling for Bose\u2013Einstein Condensates","volume":"354","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043601","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.100.043601","article-title":"Two-body Bound State of Ultracold Fermi Atoms with Two-dimensional Spin-orbit Coupling","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. 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