{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:08:52Z","timestamp":1764688132829,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UMBC Cyber Graduate Fellowship","award":["62422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62422"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000925","name":"John Templeton Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simon\u2019s algorithm was one of the first to demonstrate a genuine quantum advantage in solving a problem. The algorithm, however, assumes access to fault-tolerant qubits. In our work, we use Simon\u2019s algorithm to benchmark the error rates of devices currently available in the \u201cquantum cloud\u201d. As a main result, we objectively compare the different physical platforms made available by IBM and IonQ. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the device architectures and topologies when transpiling quantum algorithms onto hardware. For instance, we demonstrate that two-qubit operations on spatially separated qubits on superconducting chips should be avoided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27070658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T06:50:45Z","timestamp":1750402245000},"page":"658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Simon\u2019s Algorithm in the NISQ Cloud"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1064-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reece","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"},{"name":"Quantum Science Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2693-8553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emery","family":"Doucet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"},{"name":"Quantum Science Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0983-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernest","family":"Spicer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sagax.ai, Pullman, WA 99163, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0504-6932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Deffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"},{"name":"Quantum Science Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"},{"name":"National Quantum Laboratory, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"McKinsey (2024, May 29). 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