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This study investigates the isolated effect of IIP asymmetry on thermalization. Asymmetry and nonlinearity are typically intertwined. To isolate the effect of asymmetry, we introduce a one-dimensional asymmetric harmonic (AH) model whose IIP possesses asymmetry but no nonlinearity, evidenced by energy-independent vibrational frequencies. Extensive numerical simulations confirm a power-law relationship between thermalization time (Teq) and perturbation strength for the AH chain, revealing an exponent larger than the previously observed inverse-square law in the thermodynamic limit. Upon adding symmetric quartic nonlinearity into the AH model, we systematically study thermalization under combined asymmetry and nonlinearity. Matthiessen\u2019s rule provides a good estimate of Teq in this case. Our results demonstrate that asymmetry plays a distinct role in enhancing higher-order effects and governing relaxation dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27070741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1752241459000},"page":"741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thermalization in Asymmetric Harmonic Chains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5420-7985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weicheng","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Material of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sihan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5808-7936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7667-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fermi, E., Pasta, J., and Ulam, S. 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