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Sample Entropy (SampEn), a signal complexity or predictability measure, could serve as a tool to identify any abnormalities associated with dysphagia. The present study aimed to identify quantitative dysphagia biomarkers using SampEn from EEG recordings in post-stroke patients. Sample entropy was calculated in the theta, alpha, and beta bands of EEG recordings in a repetitive swallowing task performed by three groups: 22 stroke patients without dysphagia (controls), 36 stroke patients with dysphagia, and 21 healthy age-matched individuals. Post-stroke patients, both with and without dysphagia, exhibited significant differences in SampEn compared to healthy subjects in the alpha and theta bands, suggesting widespread alterations in brain dynamics. These changes likely reflect impairments in sensorimotor integration and cognitive control mechanisms essential for effective swallowing. A significant cluster was identified in the left parietal region during swallowing in the beta band, where dysphagic patients showed higher entropy compared to healthy individuals and controls. This finding suggests altered neural dynamics in a region crucial for sensorimotor integration, potentially reflecting disrupted cortical coordination associated with dysphagia. The precise quantification of these neurophysiological alterations offers a robust and objective biomarker for diagnosing neurogenic dysphagia and monitoring therapeutic interventions by means of EEG, a non-invasive and cost-efficient technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27080818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T15:09:53Z","timestamp":1754492993000},"page":"818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Entropy Analysis of Electroencephalography for Post-Stroke Dysphagia Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4887-7342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Velasco-Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda (Ci2B), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1871-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Imaz-Higuera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda (Ci2B), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9133-3123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Martinez-de-Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda (Ci2B), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2929-181X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiyao","family":"Ye-Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda (Ci2B), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1410-2721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Garcia-Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda (Ci2B), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3109-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Gutierrez-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Rehabilitation Department, Medium- and Long-Term Care of Hospital Pare Jofr\u00e9, 46017 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Prieto-House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Rehabilitation Department, Medium- and Long-Term Care of Hospital Pare Jofr\u00e9, 46017 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5729-5856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Mas-Sese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Rehabilitation Department, Hospital La Pedrera, 03700 Alicante, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0059-5530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Araceli","family":"Belda-Calabuig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Rehabilitation Department, Hospital La Pedrera, 03700 Alicante, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9362-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gema","family":"Prats-Boluda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda (Ci2B), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Panara, K., Ahangar, E.R., and Padalia, D. 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