{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:50:54Z","timestamp":1777164654382,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71974123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71974123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As global e-commerce expands, efficient cross-border logistics services have become essential. To support the evaluation of logistics service providers (LSPs), we propose HD-CBDTOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution with heterogeneous data and cloud Bhattacharyya distance), a hybrid multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) model designed to handle complex, uncertain data. Our criteria system integrates traditional supplier evaluation with cross-border e-commerce characteristics, using heterogeneous data types\u2014including exact numbers, intervals, digital datasets, multi-granularity linguistic terms, and linguistic expressions. These are unified using normal cloud models (NCMs), ensuring uncertainty is consistently represented. A novel algorithm, improved multi-step backward cloud transformation with sampling replacement (IMBCT-SR), is developed for converting dataset-type indicators into cloud models. We also introduce a new similarity measure, the Cloud Bhattacharyya Distance (CBD), which shows superior discrimination ability compared to traditional distances. Using the coefficient of variation (CV) based on CBD, we objectively determine criteria weights. A cloud-based TOPSIS approach is then applied to rank alternative LSPs, with all variables modeled using NCMs to ensure consistent uncertainty representation. An application case and comparative experiments demonstrate that HD-CBDTOPSIS is an effective, flexible, and robust tool for evaluating cross-border LSPs under uncertain and multi-dimensional conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27080876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T13:08:51Z","timestamp":1755608931000},"page":"876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Navigating Cross-Border E-Commerce: Prioritizing Logistics Partners with Hybrid MCGDM"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8971-9585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanxu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1937-5956.2011.01312.x","article-title":"The impact of logistics performance on trade","volume":"22","author":"Hausman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prod. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"94","article-title":"Enterprise performance evaluation based on Entropy-VIKOR and AGA-BP model\u2014Take China\u2019s listed logistics enterprises as an example","volume":"44","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Univ. Shanghai Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2013.09.018","article-title":"A modified failure mode and effects analysis method for supplier selection problems in the supply chain risk environment: A case study","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Yao, B. (2020). TYPE-2 Fuzzy Risk Assessment Method and Its Application in the Selection of Cross-Border E-Commerce Supply Chain Partners. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Southeast University]."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/0951192X.2016.1145813","article-title":"A fuzzy AHP and fuzzy multi-objective linear programming model for order allocation in a sustainable supply chain: A case study","volume":"30","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2025.109620","article-title":"Towards sustainable futures: Rethinking supplier selection through interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision-making","volume":"285","author":"Hendiani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.05.010","article-title":"A novel technique for evaluating and selecting logistics service providers based on the logistics resource view","volume":"42","author":"Alkhatib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"123","article-title":"Selection of Third-party Logistics Provider for Agricultural Products Based on Error Loss","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Beijing Jiaotong Univ. Sci. Ed."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"12","article-title":"Evaluation of innovation performance of logistics enterprises based on grey relational analysis and TOPSIS","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ind. Technol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"67","article-title":"Rough set-based grey-topsis approach to the third party reverse logistic vendor selection","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.07.012","article-title":"Assessing the competitive priorities within sustainable supply chain management under uncertainty","volume":"112","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"41","article-title":"The selection of logistics service suppliers considering experts\u2019 risk preference","volume":"21","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Manag"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.02.130","article-title":"Method of multi-criteria group decision-making based on cloud aggregation operators with linguistic information","volume":"274","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"375","article-title":"A cloud TOPSIS model for green supplier selection","volume":"18","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Facta Univ. Ser. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-017-2944-5","article-title":"Extension of the VIKOR method for group decision making with extended hesitant fuzzy linguistic information","volume":"30","author":"Ghadikolaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2014.11.002","article-title":"A hybrid group decision support system for supplier selection using analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy set theory and neural network","volume":"6","author":"Kar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2020.1869917","article-title":"A group decision making approach for supplier selection with multi-period fuzzy information and opinion interaction among decision makers","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oper. Res. Soc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440211057112","article-title":"Green supplier selection under cloud manufacturing environment: A hybrid MCDM model","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sage Open"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X., Xu, Z., He, R., and Xue, F. (2019, January 3\u20136). Credibility assessment of complex simulation models using cloud models to represent and aggregate diverse evaluation results. Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Nanchang, China.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-26766-7_28"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e20961","article-title":"Research on linguistic multi-attribute decision making method for normal cloud similarity","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"15","article-title":"Membership clouds and membership cloud generators","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comput. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488512500055","article-title":"Cloud delphi method","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness-Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118782","article-title":"Large-scale group Delphi method with heterogeneous decision information and dynamic weights","volume":"213","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Lv, Z., Liu, Y., Xiao, X., and Xu, D. (2024). Novel Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making Method for Production Scheduling Based on Group AHP and Cloud Model Enhanced TOPSIS. Processes, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr12020305"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"2468","article-title":"Cloud hierarchical analysis","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Inf. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"930","article-title":"Cloud theory and its applications in spatial data mining and knowledge discovery","volume":"4","author":"Di","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Image Graph."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10726-014-9385-7","article-title":"An uncertain linguistic multi-criteria group decision-making method based on a cloud model","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Group Decis. Negot."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.140782","article-title":"An integrated GBWM-PROMETHEE-CLOUD & MCGP model for green supplier selection and order allocation (GSSOA) in an oil refinery","volume":"440","author":"Goudarzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, W., Niu, J., and Su, H. (2007, January 2\u20134). A study on program evaluation and review technology based on cloud model. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEM.2007.4419352"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"724","article-title":"Retrospect and prospect of research of normal cloud model","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Comput."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-019-09666-8","article-title":"Bidirectional cognitive computing model for uncertain concepts","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cogn. Comput."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-2014-1062","article-title":"A new multi-step backward cloud transformation algorithm based on normal cloud model","volume":"133","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fundam. Informaticae"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1926.10502161","article-title":"The choice of a class interval","volume":"21","author":"Sturges","year":"1926","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"679","article-title":"On multiple attribute group decision making with linguistic assessment information based on cloud model","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Control Decis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2021.09.047","article-title":"Risk assessment of submarine pipelines using modified FMEA approach based on cloud model and extended VIKOR method","volume":"155","author":"Jianxing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"780","article-title":"Improved two-tuple linguistic representation model based on new linguistic evaluation scale","volume":"25","author":"Bao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Control Decis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-2016-1340","article-title":"Representation of the pairwise comparisons in AHP using hesitant cloud linguistic term sets","volume":"144","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fundam. Informaticae"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.04.006","article-title":"A group decision making model dealing with comparative linguistic expressions based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets","volume":"241","author":"Herrera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, X., Teng, F., and Sun, Y. (2020). Multiple group decision making for selecting emergency alternatives: A novel method based on the LDWPA operator and LD-MABAC. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082945"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115629","article-title":"A sentiment analysis-based expert weight determination method for large-scale group decision-making driven by social media data","volume":"185","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1967.1089532","article-title":"The divergence and Bhattacharyya distance measures in signal selection","volume":"15","author":"Kailath","year":"1967","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"236","article-title":"Some statistical analysis of the normal cloud model","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inf. Control"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2018.06.005","article-title":"Integrating and extending data and decision tools for sustainable third-party reverse logistics provider selection","volume":"110","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2025.113370","article-title":"Sustainable circular supplier evaluation in project-driven supply chains with a fuzzy stochastic decision model under uncertainty","volume":"179","author":"Dorfeshan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.131","article-title":"An integrated MCDM approach considering demands-matching for reverse logistics","volume":"208","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118461","article-title":"A novel hybrid multiple attribute decision-making approach for outsourcing sustainable reverse logistics","volume":"242","author":"Zarbakhshnia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer18020057","article-title":"A multi-criteria group decision-making method for risk assessment of live-streaming E-Commerce platform","volume":"18","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.114051","article-title":"Third-party reverse logistics provider selection: A computational semantic analysis-based multi-perspective multi-attribute decision-making approach","volume":"166","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jadidi, O., Firouzi, F., and Loucks, J.S. (2024). A Procedure for Choosing among Different Solutions to the Multi-Criteria Supplier Selection Problem along with Two Solution Methods. Systems, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/systems12060191"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clscn.2021.100009","article-title":"An integrated group fuzzy best-worst method and combined compromise solution with Bonferroni functions for supplier selection in reverse supply chains","volume":"2","author":"Tavana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clean. Logist. Supply Chain."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.24006\/jilt.2018.16.2.32","article-title":"Multi-dependent criteria supplier selection with uncertain performance evaluation","volume":"16","author":"Anuchitchanchai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Logist. Trade"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1108\/SCM-06-2017-0197","article-title":"A knowledge-based system for overall supply chain performance evaluation: A multi-criteria decision making approach","volume":"24","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Supply Chain. Manag. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.1108\/K-10-2022-1450","article-title":"Study the supplier evaluation and selection in supply chain disruption risk based on regret theory and VIKOR method","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"396","article-title":"Third-party reverse logistics service provider selection approaches and criteria: A literature review","volume":"40","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Logist. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Li, Y. (2019). Research on Improvement of Supplier Evaluation System of A Supermarket\u2019s Private Brand. [Master\u2019s Thesis, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China]."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"304","article-title":"Construction of Performance Evaluation Index System for Logistics Enterprises Based on Combination Weighting Model","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Wang, Y. (2023). Research on the Evaluation Index System of Cross Border E-Commerce Logistics Services Based on the Bonded Import Model (i.e., \u201cZhengzhou Model\u201d). [Master\u2019s Thesis, Henan University of Economics and Law]."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2017.07.202","article-title":"A multi-criteria decision model for construction material supplier selection","volume":"196","author":"Cengiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Jia, Y. (2017). Research on Cross Border E-Commerce Logistics Model Based on Game Theory and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Zhejiang Gongshang University]."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"75","article-title":"Risk Analysis of Cross-border E-commerce Supply Chain Based on FUZZY-ISM Structural Model","volume":"42","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Sci. Technol. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6885432","article-title":"Selection method of cross-border e-commerce export logistics mode based on collaborative filtering algorithm","volume":"2022","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Math."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1911","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1911","article-title":"Multi-angle perception and convolutional neural network for service quality evaluation of cross-border e-commerce logistics enterprise","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Peerj Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1108\/JM2-04-2015-0016","article-title":"3PL evaluation and selection using integrated analytical modeling","volume":"12","author":"Haldar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Model. Manag."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/cwe.12243","article-title":"Rise of Cross-border E-commerce Exports in China","volume":"26","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"China World Econ."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1108\/JBIM-11-2022-0502","article-title":"A hybrid ISM and fuzzy MICMAC approach to modeling risk analysis of imported fresh food supply chain","volume":"39","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ind. Mark."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040022","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218348X20400228","article-title":"The Fractal Statistical Model of Transregional and Transnational E-Commerce Enterprises Supply Chain Sequence","volume":"28","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fractals"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1108\/SCM-03-2014-0089","article-title":"3PL selection criteria in integrated circuit manufacturing industry in Taiwan","volume":"21","author":"Hwang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Supply Chain. Manag. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2014.05.009","article-title":"Third-party logistics selection problem: A literature review on criteria and methods","volume":"49","author":"Aguezzoul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-05-2015-0180","article-title":"A grey DEMATEL approach to develop third-party logistics provider selection criteria","volume":"116","author":"Govindan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind. Manag. Data Syst."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1108\/BIJ-06-2021-0341","article-title":"Evaluating logistics outsourcing: A survey conducted with Brazilian industries","volume":"30","author":"Doratiotto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Benchmarking Int. J."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-493X.2004.tb00254.x","article-title":"Evaluating the performance of third-party logistics arrangements: A relationship marketing perspective","volume":"40","author":"Knemeyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Supply Chain. Manag."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1108\/BIJ-04-2016-0055","article-title":"Selection and evaluation of third party logistics service provider (3PLSP) by using an interpretive ranking process (IRP)","volume":"24","author":"Narkhede","year":"2017","journal-title":"Benchmarking Int. J."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2011.06.022","article-title":"A 3PL supplier selection model based on fuzzy sets","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2017.1319986","article-title":"Selection of logistic service providers for the transportation of refrigerated goods","volume":"28","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prod. Plan. Control"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/13675567.2013.815696","article-title":"A hybrid quality function deployment and fuzzy decision-making methodology for the optimal selection of third-party logistics service providers","volume":"16","author":"Min","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Logist. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"546","article-title":"Study on the comprehensive evaluation of green cold chain logistics for agricultural products based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cent. China Norm. Univ."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/27\/8\/876\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:31:03Z","timestamp":1760034663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/27\/8\/876"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["e27080876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e27080876","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-4300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]}}}