{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:41:32Z","timestamp":1760060492610,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52401215","52271149","52301209","52401214","24PJD035","2021-01-07-00-09-E00114","25CL2902300","25TS1401900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52401215","52271149","52301209","52401214","24PJD035","2021-01-07-00-09-E00114","25CL2902300","25TS1401900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan Pujiang Project","award":["52401215","52271149","52301209","52401214","24PJD035","2021-01-07-00-09-E00114","25CL2902300","25TS1401900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52401215","52271149","52301209","52401214","24PJD035","2021-01-07-00-09-E00114","25CL2902300","25TS1401900"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","award":["52401215","52271149","52301209","52401214","24PJD035","2021-01-07-00-09-E00114","25CL2902300","25TS1401900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52401215","52271149","52301209","52401214","24PJD035","2021-01-07-00-09-E00114","25CL2902300","25TS1401900"]}]},{"name":"Technology Plan Program of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology","award":["52401215","52271149","52301209","52401214","24PJD035","2021-01-07-00-09-E00114","25CL2902300","25TS1401900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52401215","52271149","52301209","52401214","24PJD035","2021-01-07-00-09-E00114","25CL2902300","25TS1401900"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Explorer Program","award":["52401215","52271149","52301209","52401214","24PJD035","2021-01-07-00-09-E00114","25CL2902300","25TS1401900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52401215","52271149","52301209","52401214","24PJD035","2021-01-07-00-09-E00114","25CL2902300","25TS1401900"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown great promise for applications in extreme service environments due to their exceptional mechanical properties and thermal stability. However, traditional alloy design often struggles to balance multiple properties such as strength and ductility. Constructing heterogeneous microstructures has emerged as an effective strategy to overcome this challenge. With the rapid advancement of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, their unique ability to fabricate complex, spatially controlled, and non-equilibrium microstructures offers unprecedented opportunities for tailoring heterostructures in HEAs with high precision. This review highlights recent progress in utilizing AM to engineer heterogeneous microstructures in high-performance HEAs. It systematically examines the multiscale heterogeneities induced by the thermal cycling effects inherent to AM techniques such as selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM). The review further discusses the critical role of these heterostructures in enhancing the synergy between strength and ductility, as well as improving work-hardening behavior. AM enables the design-driven fabrication of tailored microstructures, signaling a shift from traditional \u201cperformance-driven\u201d alloy design paradigms toward a new model centered on \u201cmicrostructural control\u201d. In summary, additive manufacturing provides an ideal platform for constructing heterogeneous HEAs and holds significant promise for advancing high-performance alloy systems. Its integration into alloy design represents both a valuable theoretical framework and a practical pathway for developing next-generation structural materials with multiple performance attributes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27090917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T16:42:21Z","timestamp":1756485741000},"page":"917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Constructing Hetero-Microstructures in Additively Manufactured High-Performance High-Entropy Alloys"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yuanshu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, Shanghai University, Jiashan 314100, China"},{"name":"Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhibin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, Shanghai University, Jiashan 314100, China"},{"name":"Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2779-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongkun","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, Shanghai University, Jiashan 314100, China"},{"name":"Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7387-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuefei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, Shanghai University, Jiashan 314100, China"},{"name":"Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yandong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, Shanghai University, Jiashan 314100, China"},{"name":"Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, Shanghai University, Jiashan 314100, China"},{"name":"Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2015.11.026","article-title":"High-entropy alloy: Challenges and prospects","volume":"19","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. 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