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However, current approaches often lack comprehensive feature extraction and are limited by generic classifier architectures, which limit their effectiveness in complex real-world scenarios. To overcome this traditional coupling between feature representation and classifier development, this study proposes DySC-MDE, an end-to-end co-designed framework for seizure detection. A novel multi-domain entropy (MDE) representation is constructed at the feature level based on amplitude-sensitive permutation entropy (ASPE), which adopts entropy-based quantifiers to characterize the nonlinear dynamics of EEG signals across diverse domains. Specifically, ASPE is extended into three distinct variants, refined composite multiscale ASPE (RCMASPE), discrete wavelet transform-based hierarchical ASPE (HASPE-DWT), and time-shift multiscale ASPE (TSMASPE), to represent various temporal and spectral dynamics of EEG signals. At the classifier level, a dynamic synapse classifier (DySC) is proposed to align with the structure of the MDE features. Particularly, DySC includes three parallel and specialized processing pathways, each tailored to a specific entropy variant. These outputs are then adaptively fused through a dynamic synaptic gating mechanism, which can enhance the model\u2019s ability to integrate heterogeneous information sources. To fully evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, extensive experiments are conducted on two public datasets using cross-validation. For the binary classification task, DySC-MDE achieves an accuracy of 97.50% and 98.93% and an F1-score of 97.58% and 98.87% in the Bonn and CHB-MIT datasets, respectively. Moreover, in the three-class task, the proposed method maintains a high F1-score of 96.83%, revealing its strong discriminative performance and generalization ability across different categories. Consequently, these impressive results demonstrate that the joint optimization of nonlinear dynamic feature representations and structure-aware classifiers can further improve the analysis of complex epileptic EEG signals, which opens a novel direction for robust seizure detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27090919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T16:05:22Z","timestamp":1756829122000},"page":"919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Novel Co-Designed Multi-Domain Entropy and Its Dynamic Synapse Classification Approach for EEG Seizure Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9382-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanyuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8586-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiawen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"ZUMRI-LYG Joint Laboratory, Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7134-0454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641004, China"},{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610056, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2859-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0663-0049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mang I","family":"Vai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZUMRI-LYG Joint Laboratory, Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaihan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3889-4447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianxian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intellectual Property and Big Data, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intellectual Property and Big Data, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2024-334767","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of functional neurological disorder: A systematic review","volume":"96","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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