{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:07:44Z","timestamp":1782511664571,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Applied Psychology","award":["2025KLCNAP005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025KLCNAP005"]}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering","award":["2025-M10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-M10"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2025ZNSFSC0780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZNSFSC0780"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of the 2023 Higher Education Science Research Plan of the China Association of Higher Education","award":["23XXK0402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23XXK0402"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of the Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology","award":["CSXL-25102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSXL-25102"]}]},{"name":"Neijiang Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project","award":["NJ2025ZD007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJ2025ZD007"]}]},{"name":"Key Discipline Improvement Project of Guangdong Province","award":["2022ZDJS015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDJS015"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province Ordinary Colleges and Universities Young Innovative Talents Project","award":["2023KQNCX036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KQNCX036"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Capacity Improvement Project of the Doctoral Program Construction Unit of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","award":["22GPNUZDJS17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22GPNUZDJS17"]}]},{"name":"Graduate Education Demonstration Base Project of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","award":["2023YJSY04002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YJSY04002"]}]},{"name":"Research Fund of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","award":["2022SDKYA015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SDKYA015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Entropy-based analyses have emerged as a powerful tool for quantifying the complexity, regularity, and information content of complex biological signals, such as electroencephalography (EEG). In this regard, EEG-based lie detection offers the advantage of directly providing more objective and less susceptible-to-manipulation results compared to traditional polygraph methods. To this end, this study proposes a novel multi-scale entropy approach by fusing fuzzy entropy (FE), time-shifted multi-scale fuzzy entropy (TSMFE), and hierarchical multi-band fuzzy entropy (HMFE), which enables the multidimensional characterization of EEG signals. Subsequently, using machine learning classifiers, the fused feature vector is applied to lie detection, with a focus on channel selection to investigate distinguished neural signatures across brain regions. Experiments utilize a publicly benchmarked LieWaves dataset, and two parts are performed. One is a subject-dependent experiment to identify representative channels for lie detection. Another is a cross-subject experiment to assess the generalizability of the proposed approach. In the subject-dependent experiment, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) achieves impressive accuracies of 82.74% under leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and 82.00% under 10-fold cross-validation. The cross-subject experiment yields an accuracy of 64.07% using a radial basis function (RBF) kernel support vector machine (SVM) under leave-one-subject-out cross-validation (LOSOCV). Furthermore, regarding the channel selection results, PZ (parietal midline) and T7 (left temporal) are considered the representative channels for lie detection, as they exhibit the most prominent occurrences among subjects. These findings demonstrate that the PZ and T7 play vital roles in the cognitive processes associated with lying, offering a solution for designing portable EEG-based lie detection devices with fewer channels, which also provides insights into neural dynamics by analyzing variations in multi-scale entropy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27101026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:01:39Z","timestamp":1759154499000},"page":"1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Novel Multi-Scale Entropy Approach for EEG-Based Lie Detection with Channel Selection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8586-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiawen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Applied Psychology (Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"ZUMRI-LYG Joint Laboratory, Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanyuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximing","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641004, China"},{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610056, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2859-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mang I.","family":"Vai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZUMRI-LYG Joint Laboratory, Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, China"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7294-4172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jujian","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intellectual Property and Big Data, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taha, B.N., Baykara, M., and Alaku\u015f, T.B. 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