{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:38:58Z","timestamp":1762180738350,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sichuan Major Science and Technology Special Project: Key Technologies and Demonstration Application of Friendly Integration and Intelligent Regulation for Clean Energy","award":["2025ZDZX0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZDZX0033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The decoupling properties and low-inertia characteristics of large-scale wind power have heightened concerns regarding power grid frequency stability, particularly as modern power systems impose stringent frequency regulation requirements on wind integration, leading to an increased complexity of frequency response characteristics under fault conditions. To address this challenge in high-wind-penetration grids, this paper proposes a post-fault frequency dynamics analysis method capable of concurrently accommodating multi-wind-speed scenarios through three key innovations: the linearization of traditional AC system components (including network equations, composite load models, and generator prime mover-governor systems) to establish nodal power increment equations; the development of wind turbine frequency regulation models under diverse wind conditions using small-signal analysis, incorporating regional operational disparities and refined by information entropy-based reliability quantification for adaptive parameter adjustment; and the derivation of the system state equation for post-fault frequency response using wide-area measurement system (WAMS) data, yielding an analytical model that captures region-specific regulation characteristic disparities for physically faithful frequency analysis. Validation via tailored IEEE 39-node simulations convincingly demonstrates the method\u2019s effectiveness and superiority in handling fault-induced transients and wind variability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27111134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:15:14Z","timestamp":1762175714000},"page":"1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prediction Method for Fault-Induced Frequency Response Characteristics in Wind-Integrated Power Systems Using Wide-Area Measurement Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinglin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4400","DOI":"10.1049\/gtd2.12609","article-title":"Adaptive under-frequency load shedding scheme for power systems with high wind power penetration considering operating regions","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IET Gener. 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