{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T18:00:34Z","timestamp":1762452034365,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Space technology, a frontier of global scientific innovation, is crucial for competitive edges and national tech innovation. Amid intensified international competition and rapid technological change, scientifically evaluating a country\u2019s Scientific and Technological Strength in Space Technology (STSST) is vital. A model is innovatively proposed in this study called \u201cAnalytic Hierarchy Process-Maximum Entropy-Induced Ordered Weighted Average (AHP-ME-IOWA)\u201d for the assessment of STSST. First, an STSST assessment indicator system is developed with four sub-dimensions: scientific research, industrial operation, innovation output, and policy resources. Second, the AHP model is used to convert experts\u2019 qualitative judgments on indicator importance into initial individual weight vectors. Subsequently, the IOWA operator is employed to aggregate these individual weight vectors, thereby mitigating the impact of outliers and enhancing the robustness of the weights. Specifically, the weights are reordered using the cosine similarity between each expert\u2019s weight vector and the temporary group mean as the induced value. Position weights are then determined via the ME method, and consensus weights are derived through re-aggregation. A systematic evaluation of the United States\u2019 STSST was conducted using this method. The results show that the United States achieved a comprehensive STSST score of 8.73 (out of 10), which is in line with the actual situation, thereby providing empirical validation for the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27111141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T17:51:43Z","timestamp":1762451503000},"page":"1141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An AHP-ME-IOWA Model for Assessing National Space Technology Scientific and Technological Strength: A Case Study of the United States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2325-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Aerospace Academy of Systems Science and Engineering, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenqiang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinzhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Aerospace Academy of Systems Science and Engineering, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6508-7456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuting","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Aerospace Academy of Systems Science and Engineering, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Research Hotspots and Trends in China\u2019s Aerospace: Based on Bibliometric Analysis from 2016 to 2020","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. 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