{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:15:23Z","timestamp":1767197723984,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper applies quantum game theory to three ethical dilemmas that frequently arise in negotiation: cooperation versus competition, self-interest versus equity, and honesty versus deception. Using quantum extensions of selected games such as the Prisoner\u2019s Dilemma, the Ultimatum Game, the Battle of the Sexes, and the Buyer\u2013Seller Game, we examine whether quantization can generate equilibria that improve classical outcomes while also aligning more closely with ethical principles such as fairness, cooperation, and honesty. The analysis shows that quantum strategies, through entanglement and superposition, can sustain cooperative, fair, or honest behaviour as stable equilibria, outcomes that are typically unstable or unattainable in classical settings. The specific outcomes depend on the chosen quantization method, but across cases, the analysis consistently shows that quantum formulations expand the range of solutions in which efficiency and ethical principles co-exist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e28010051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:08:00Z","timestamp":1767197280000},"page":"51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantum Negotiation Games: Toward Ethical Equilibria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1739-8687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remigiusz","family":"Smoli\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Negotiation, HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management in Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0034-9803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Fr\u0105ckiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Exact and Technical Sciences, Pomeranian University in S\u0142upsk, 76-200 S\u0142upsk, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7228-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Grzanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operations Research, University of Economics in Katowice, 40-287 Katowice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7897-7004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Szopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operations Research, University of Economics in Katowice, 40-287 Katowice, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Walton, R.E., and McKersie, R.B. 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