{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T11:19:59Z","timestamp":1772795999107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61971291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Joint Program of Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Plan","award":["2025JH2\/101800455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JH2\/101800455"]}]},{"name":"Basic Scientific Research Project of the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education","award":["LJ212410144013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJ212410144013"]}]},{"name":"Leading Talent of the \u2018Xing Liao Ying Cai Plan\u2019","award":["XLYC2202013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2202013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposed a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered reference-modulated differential chaos shift keying (RM-DCSK) wireless powered communication (WPC) system. As a noncoherent chaotic communication scheme, the proposed system exploits the reference reuse property of RM-DCSK, where the reference signal simultaneously carries data information, thereby improving spectral efficiency while maintaining noncoherent and channel-estimation-free reception with low receiver circuit complexity. Furthermore, RIS is utilized to reconfigure the propagation environment and mitigate the path loss effect of WPC links. At the user equipment (UE), a harvest\u2013store\u2013use (HSU) energy harvesting and finite-buffer model is developed, and a threshold-based on\/off transmission policy is adopted to enable sustainable uplink transmission. To quantify the gain of energy buffering and management, a bufferless baseline system is further established. Closed-form bit error rate (BER) expressions are obtained under multi-path Rayleigh fading channels for both the proposed RIS-RM-DCSK-WPC system and bufferless baseline system. Finally, simulation results validate the analysis and demonstrate that the proposed system achieves superior BER performance compared with representative benchmarks, including existing RIS-aided DCSK-WPC, RM-DCSK-WPC, and bufferless RIS-RM-DCSK-WPC systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e28030300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T09:22:14Z","timestamp":1772788934000},"page":"300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and Performance Analysis of an RIS-Empowered RM-DCSK System for Wireless Powered Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0272-1181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9897-9277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0036-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qihao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2572730","article-title":"Wireless Chaos-Based Communication Systems: A Comprehensive Survey","volume":"4","author":"Kaddoum","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, B., Yang, H., Jia, Y., Liao, H., and Li, X. 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