{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T13:17:50Z","timestamp":1774012670441,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This Special Issue, entitled Entropy and Information in Biological Systems, comprises several unique contributions that attempt to bridge the gap between the fields of biology and the physical sciences [...]<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e28030349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T10:49:58Z","timestamp":1774003798000},"page":"349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Can Information and Entropic Dynamics Bridge the Gap Between Biology and the Physical Sciences?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Summers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8073-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melvin M.","family":"Vopson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baez, J.C., and Pollard, B.S. (2016). Relative Entropy in Biological Systems. Entropy, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/e18020046"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caticha, A., and Cafaro, C. (2007). From Information Geometry to Newtonian Dynamics. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2821259"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3390\/foundations1010006","article-title":"Information Geometric Measures of Complexity with Applications to Classical and Quantum Physical Settings","volume":"1","author":"Cafaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foundations"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Wolfram, S. (2023). The Second Law: Resolving the Mystery of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Wolfram Media, Inc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10701-021-00498-x","article-title":"A Brief Introduction to Observational Entropy","volume":"51","author":"Aguirre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Found. Phys."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Summers, R.L. (2023). Entropic Dynamics in a Theoretical Framework for Biosystems. Entropy, 25.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202302.0389.v1"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguirre, A., Foster, B., and Merali, Z. (2015). Relative information at the foundation of physics. It from Bit or Bit from It? On Physics and Information, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12946-4"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"075310","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0100358","article-title":"Second law of information dynamics","volume":"12","author":"Vopson","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIP Adv."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bardella, G., Franchini, S., Pan, L., Balzan, R., Ramawat, S., Brunamonti, E., Pani, P., and Ferraina, S. (2024). Neural Activity in Quarks Language: Lattice Field Theory for a Network of Real Neurons. Entropy, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/e26060495"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karbowski, J. (2024). Information Thermodynamics: From Physics to Neuroscience. Entropy, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/e26090779"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillips, J.D. (2024). Embedded Complexity of Evolutionary Sequences. Entropy, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/e26060458"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Favretti, M. (2024). Entropic Dynamics of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Sequences. Entropy, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/e26020163"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2021.126383","article-title":"A new method to study genome mutations using the information entropy","volume":"584","author":"Vopson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Singh, S., Trappenberg, T., and Nunes, A. (2024). An Information-Geometric Formulation of Pattern Separation of Existing Indices. Entropy, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/e26090737"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romano, F., Formenti, D., Cardone, D., Francesco Russo, E., Castiglioni, P., Merati, G., Merla, A., and Perpetuini, D. (2024). Data-Driven Identification of Stroke through Machine Learning Applied to Complexity Metrics in Multimodal Electromyography and Kinematics. Entropy, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/e26070578"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6dinger, E. (2012). What Is Life?, Cambridge University Press. [Reprint ed.]."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","article-title":"A Mathematical Theory of Communication","volume":"27","author":"Shannon","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s12304-020-09384-x","article-title":"The Process of Info-Autopoiesis\u2014The Source of all Information","volume":"13","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosemiotics"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Rovelli, C. (2016). Meaning = Information + Evolution. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s12304-022-09508-5","article-title":"Lyapunov Stability as a Metric for the Meaning of Information in Biological Systems","volume":"16","author":"Summers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosemiotics"}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/28\/3\/349\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T10:50:43Z","timestamp":1774003843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/28\/3\/349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["e28030349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e28030349","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-4300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]}}}