{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:42:15Z","timestamp":1760244135986,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,31]],"date-time":"2003-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigate the nature of heat transfer and entropy generation for natural convection in a two-dimensional circular section enclosure. The enclosure is assumed to fill with porous media. The Darcy momentum equation is used to model the porous media. The full governing differential equations are simplified with the Boussinesq approximation and solved by a finite volume method. Whereas the Prandtl number Pr is fixed to 1.0. Results are presented in terms of Nusselt number, entropy generation number, and Bejan number.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e5050358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,25]],"date-time":"2008-10-25T13:44:42Z","timestamp":1224942282000},"page":"358-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Free Convection and Irreversibility Analysis inside a Circular Porous Enclosure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Shohel","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roydon Andrew","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1933(02)00312-3","article-title":"Steady natural convection in a cylindrical cavity","volume":"29","author":"Sierra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/00986448108911025","article-title":"Natural convection inside a horizontal cylinder","volume":"9","author":"Ostrach","year":"1981","journal-title":"Chem. Engr. Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3250619","article-title":"Natural convection in enclosure","volume":"110","author":"Ostrach","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Heat Transfer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1063\/1.869197","article-title":"Natural convection in a differentially heated horizontal cylinder: Effects of Prandtl number on flow structure and instability","volume":"9","author":"Xin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physics of Fluids."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Bejan, A. (1984). Convection Heat Transfer, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Bejan, A. (1996). Entropy Generation Minimization, CRC Press."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/5\/5\/358\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:26:43Z","timestamp":1760221603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/5\/5\/358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,31]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]}},"alternative-id":["e5050358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e5050358","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-4300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,31]]}}}