{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T20:48:14Z","timestamp":1762980494661,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]],"date-time":"2018-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have been gaining significant attention from the research community due to their increasing importance for building an intelligent transportation system. The characteristics of VANETs, such as high mobility, network partitioning, intermittent connectivity and obstacles in city environments, make routing a challenging task. Due to these characteristics of VANETs, the performance of a routing protocol is degraded. The position-based routing is considered to be the most significant approach in VANETs. In this paper, we present a brief review of most significant position based unicast routing protocols designed for vehicle to vehicle communications in the urban environment. We provide them with their working features for exchanging information between vehicular nodes. We describe their pros and cons. This study also provides a comparison of the vehicle to vehicle communication based routing protocols. The comparative study is based on some significant factors such as mobility, traffic density, forwarding techniques and method of junction selection mechanism, and strategy used to handle a local optimum situation. It also provides the simulation based study of existing dynamic junction selection routing protocols and a static junction selection routing protocol. It provides a profound insight into the routing techniques suggested in this area and the most valuable solutions to advance VANETs. More importantly, it can be used as a source of references to other researchers in finding literature that is relevant to routing in VANETs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi10020014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]],"date-time":"2018-01-31T12:41:24Z","timestamp":1517402484000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["A Review of Vehicle to Vehicle Communication Protocols for VANETs in the Urban Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1813-1415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irshad","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Systems and Communication Technologies, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Arts at Balgarn, P.O. Box 60, Sabt Al-Alaya 61985, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Shahid Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Systems and Communication Technologies, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current Trends in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks","volume":"6","author":"Abdalla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ubiquitous Comput. Commun. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2014-121","article-title":"A traffic flow-oriented routing protocol for VANETs","volume":"2014","author":"Abbasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. 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