{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:24:52Z","timestamp":1775031892947,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Semantic interaction in the Internet of Things (IoT) is an important concept within current IoT development, given that smart things require further autonomy with greater processing, storage, and communication capacities. The problem is now becoming one of how to get these things to interact and collaborate with each other; to form intelligent environments amongst themselves and thus generate better services for users. This article explores a solution approach that consists in providing collaborative behavior to smart things, through the incorporation of an ontology and an architecture. It makes possible things that can communicate and collaborate with each other, allowing the generation of new services of interaction according to user needs. For this task, a real test bed of smart things was created, in which the proposed solution was deployed (Smart Room). Finally, it was concluded that the creation of these types of test bed is feasible, taking into account that response times and the information delivered by the different managed processes are acceptable. New challenges were encountered, however, such as problems of critical region in test beds with conflicting services and management of multiple users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi10050042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T03:48:27Z","timestamp":1525924107000},"page":"42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Test Bed of Semantic Interaction of Smart Objects in the Web of Things"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Santiago","family":"Guerrero-Narv\u00e1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telematics, University of Cauca, Cl. 5 #4-70 Popay\u00e1n, 190002 Cauca, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Miguel-\u00c1ngel","family":"Ni\u00f1o-Zambrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems, University of Cauca, Cl. 5 #4-70 Popay\u00e1n, 190002 Cauca, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Dalila-Jhoana","family":"Riobamba-Calvache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telematics, University of Cauca, Cl. 5 #4-70 Popay\u00e1n, 190002 Cauca, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1338-8820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo-Adolfo","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telematics, University of Cauca, Cl. 5 #4-70 Popay\u00e1n, 190002 Cauca, Colombia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bauer, M., Boussard, M., Bui, N., Carrez, F., Jardak, C., Loof, J.D., Magerkurth, C., Meissner, S., Nettstr\u00e4ter, A., and Olivereau, A. (2018, March 10). Deliverable D1.5\u2014Final Architectural Reference Model for the IoT v3.0. Available online: http:\/\/www.meet-iot.eu\/deliverables-IOTA\/D1_5.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abramowicz, W., Llorente, I.M., Surridge, M., Zisman, A., and Vayssi\u00e8re, J. (2011, January 26\u201328). Service oriented middleware for the internet of things: A perspective. Proceedings of the Towards a Service-Based Internet: 4th European Conference, ServiceWave 2011, Poznan, Poland.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24755-2"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.05.010","article-title":"The Internet of Things: A survey","volume":"54","author":"Atzori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2015.2498900","article-title":"Middleware for Internet of Things: A Survey","volume":"3","author":"Razzaque","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Ni\u00f1o-Zambrano, M.A. (2016). Interacci\u00f3n Sem\u00e1ntica de Objetos en La Web de las Cosas. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad del Cauca]."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2013.09.019","article-title":"Interaction System based on Internet of Things as Support for Education","volume":"21","author":"Huete","year":"2013","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawsar, F., Kortuem, G., and Altakrouri, B. (December, January 29). Supporting interaction with the Internet of Things across objects, time and space. Proceedings of the 2010 Internet of Things, Tokyo, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/IOT.2010.5678441"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perera, C., Jayaraman, P., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., and Georgakopoulos, D. (2013). Context-Aware Dynamic Discovery and Configuration of \u2018Things\u2019 in Smart Environments. Big Data and Internet of Things: A Roadmap for Smart Environments, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05029-4_9"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.042313.00197","article-title":"Context Aware Computing for The Internet of Things: A Survey","volume":"16","author":"Perera","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2009.143","article-title":"Smart objects as building blocks for the Internet of Things","volume":"14","author":"Kortuem","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perera, C., Jayaraman, P.P., Zaslavsky, A., Georgakopoulos, D., and Christen, P. (2014, January 6\u20138). Sensor discovery and configuration framework for the Internet of Things paradigm. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Seoul, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2014.6803127"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2012.05.003","article-title":"The SSN ontology of the W3C semantic sensor network incubator group","volume":"17","author":"Compton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Web Semant. Sci. Serv. Agents World Wide Web"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAHUC.2013.055464","article-title":"Semantic interactions in the Internet of Things","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.5121\/ijcnc.2013.5505","article-title":"Towards Internet of Things (IOTS): Integration of Wireless Sensor Network to Cloud Services for Data Collection and Sharing","volume":"5","author":"Piyare","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Netw. Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Rosen, N., Sattar, R., Lindeman, R.W., Simha, R., and Narahari, B. (2004, January 21\u201324). HomeOS: Context-Aware Home Connectivity. Proceedings of the Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PCC\u201904), Las Vegas, NV, USA."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.3390\/s150102137","article-title":"Integrated Semantics Service Platform for the Internet of Things: A Case Study of a Smart Office","volume":"15","author":"Ryu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Sixte, J., and Peralta, N. (2016, February 25). SMARTEC: Dom\u00f3tica y Seguridad. Available online: http:\/\/www.smartec.com.ar\/."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"OZOM (2016, January 07). Base de Conocimientos | OZOM. Available online: http:\/\/help.ozom.me\/help_center."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Control4 (2016, January 07). Home Automation and Smart Home Systems|Control4. Available online: http:\/\/www.control4.com\/."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., and Addepalli, S. (2012, January 17). Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. Proceedings of the First Edition of the MCC Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing, Helsinki, Finland.","DOI":"10.1145\/2342509.2342513"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"IntelSupport (2016, January 07). Intel\u00ae Galileo Board Specifications. Available online: http:\/\/ark.intel.com\/products\/78919\/Intel-Galileo-Board."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Xively (2016, January 07). Xively by LogMeIn. Available online: http:\/\/xively.com\/."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Jones, M.B., Beach, J.H., Ludaescher, B., Michener, W.K., and Schildhauer, M.P. (2008). The Science Environment for Ecological Knowledge, The National Science Foundation."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonino, D., and Corno, F. (2008). Dogont-Ontology Modeling for Intelligent Domotic Environments, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88564-1_51"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Gudgin, M., Hadley, M., Mendelsohn, N., Moreau, J.-J., Nielsen, H.F., Karmarkar, A., and Lafon, Y. (2016, January 07). SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1: Messaging Framework (Second Edition). Available online: https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2007\/REC-soap12-part1-20070427\/."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Banks, A., and Gupta, R. (2018, April 26). MQTT Version 3.1.1. Available online: http:\/\/docs.oasis-open.org\/mqtt\/mqtt\/v3.1.1\/csprd02\/mqtt-v3.1.1-csprd02.html."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Fr\u00e4mling, K., Buda, A., Kubler, S., Madhikermi, M., Maharjan, M., L\u00fctzenberger, J., Dimitris, K., Nikolaos, M., Min-Jung, Y., and Jacopo, C. (2018, April 26). Open Data Format (O-DF), an Open Group Internet of Things (IoT) Standard. Available online: www.opengroup.org\/iot\/odf."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Ambler, S.W. (2018, April 09). The Agile Unified Process (AUP). Available online: http:\/\/www.ambysoft.com\/unifiedprocess\/agileUP.html."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions","volume":"29","author":"Gubbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.19026\/rjaset.8.1213","article-title":"QOS by Priority Routing in Internet of Things","volume":"8","author":"Vithya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Nef, M.A., Perlepes, L., Karagiorgou, S., Stamoulis, G.I., and Kikiras, P.K. (May, January 29). Enabling qos in the internet of things. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Communication Theory, Reliability, and Quality of Service (CTRQ 2012), Chamonix, France."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/10\/5\/42\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:03:54Z","timestamp":1760195034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/10\/5\/42"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["fi10050042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi10050042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]}}}