{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T18:46:30Z","timestamp":1769280390430,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Deanship at the University of Ha\u2019il under the Grant Number \u2018BA-1514\u2019","award":["BA-1514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA-1514"]}]},{"name":"Research Deanship at the University of Ha\u2019il under the Grant Number \u2018BA-1514\u2019","award":["BA-1514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA-1514"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Context\u2014Internet of Thing (IoT) based systems support any-time\/place computations by interconnecting humans, systems, services, devices, and things that enabling autonomous systems to shape-up digitized societies. Software architecture, as the blue-print of software-intensive systems, abstracts the complexities of modeling, design, development, and evolution phases of a software to engineer complex IoT driven systems effectively and efficiently. Objectives and Method\u2014Research and development efforts are required to exploit architectural principle and practices to design and develop IoT systems to go beyond the state-of-the-art for IoTs. The objectives of this research are to empirically investigate and systematically classify the state-of-the-art on architecting IoT based software. We have used the Evidence Based Software Engineering (EBSE) method to conduct a mapping study of the existing IoT solutions by investigating 88 qualitatively selected studies. Results and Implications\u2014The results of the mapping study highlight various research themes that exploit software architecture models to develop IoT systems. The identified research themes include, but are not limited to, cloud-based software ecosystems, software defined networking, autonomous, and adaptive software and agent-based systems that IoTs drive. The mapping study suggests that futuristic research on architecting IoT software is focused on architectural languages and patterns that support reusability, automation, and human decision support to develop and dynamically adapt IoT software. The mapping study represents a concentrated knowledge regarding architectural principle and practices to facilitate knowledge transfer\u2014benefiting researchers and practitioners\u2014on the role of software architecture for IoT systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11070153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T11:56:51Z","timestamp":1562759811000},"page":"153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Architecting Software for the Internet of Thing Based Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9034-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Alreshidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 21955, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Aakash","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 21955, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2444095","article-title":"Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications","volume":"17","author":"Guizani","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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