{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T09:35:30Z","timestamp":1763544930492,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Satellites can provide strong value-add and complementarity with the new cellular system of the fifth generation (5G) in cost-effective solutions for a massive number of users\/devices\/things. Due to the inherent broadcast nature of satellite communications, which assures access to remote areas and the support to a very large number of devices, satellite systems will gain a major role in the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) sector. In this vision, reliable multicast services via satellite can be provided to deliver the same content efficiently to multiple devices on the Earth, or for software updating to groups of cars in the Machine-to-Machine (M2M) context or for sending control messages to actuators\/IoT embedded devices. The paper focuses on the Network coding (NC) techniques applied to a hybrid satellite\/terrestrial network to support reliable multicast services. An energy optimization method is proposed based on joint adaptation of: (i) the repetition factor of data symbols on multiple subcarries of the transmitted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal; and (ii) the mean number of needed coded packets according to the requirements of each group and to the physical satellite links conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11080164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T05:37:41Z","timestamp":1564033061000},"page":"164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Energy Efficient Communications for Reliable IoT Multicast 5G\/Satellite Services"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0267-4733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Chiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5934-3321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romano","family":"Fantacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6271-7988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Pierucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2015.7224722","article-title":"The quality of experience perspective toward 5G technology","volume":"22","author":"Pierucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. 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