{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:50:34Z","timestamp":1768870234730,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,27]],"date-time":"2019-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Latency is a critical issue that impacts the performance of decentralized systems. Recently we designed various protocols to regulate the injection rate of unverified transactions into the system to improve system performance. Each of the protocols is designed to address issues related to some particular network traffic syndrome. In this work, we first provide the review of our prior protocols. We then provide a hybrid scheme that combines our transaction injection protocols and provides an optimal linear combination of the protocols based on the syndromes in the network. The goal is to speed up the verification process of systems that rely on only one single basic protocol. The underlying basic protocols are Periodic Injection of Transaction via Evaluation Corridor (PITEC), Probabilistic Injection of Transactions (PIT), and Adaptive Semi-synchronous Transaction Injection (ASTI).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11080167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T03:06:58Z","timestamp":1564369618000},"page":"167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Hybrid Adaptive Transaction Injection Protocol and Its Optimization for Verification-Based Decentralized System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Saumendra","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY 13502, USA"}]},{"given":"Chen-Fu","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY 13502, USA"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Andriamanalimanana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY 13502, USA"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Novillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY 13502, USA"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Tekeoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network and Computer Security, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY 13502, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Serguei Popov (2019, July 23). The Tangle. Available online: https:\/\/www.iota.org\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andriamanalimanana, B., Chiang, C., Novillo, J., Sengupta, S., and Tekeoglu, A. (2018, January 24\u201326). Tango: The Beginning\u2014A Semi-Synchronous Iota-Tangle Type Distributed Ledger with Periodic Pulsed Entries. Proceedings of the 2nd Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSNET.2018.8602846"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andriamanalimanana, B., Chiang, C., Novillo, J., Sengupta, S., and Tekeoglu, A. (2018, January 24\u201326). A Probabilistic Model of Periodic Pulsed Transaction Injection. Proceedings of the 2nd Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSNET.2018.8602956"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics & Supply Chain Management, Pearson."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., and Lalwani, C. (2016). Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Karteek, P., and Jyoti, K. (2014). Deterministic and Probabilistic Models in Inventory Control, IJEDR."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andriamanalimanana, B., Chiang, C., Novillo, J., Sengupta, S., and Tekeoglu, A. (2018, January 27\u201329). Parameterized Pulsed Transaction Injection Computation Model and Performance Optimizer for IOTA-Tango. Proceedings of the International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, Taichung, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02607-3_7"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1504\/IJGUC.2016.077491","article-title":"DynamoGraph: Extending the Pregel Paradigm for Large-scale Temporal Graph Processing","volume":"7","author":"Steinbauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Grid Util. Comput."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/11\/8\/167\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:10:23Z","timestamp":1760188223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/11\/8\/167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,27]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["fi11080167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi11080167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,27]]}}}