{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T23:49:06Z","timestamp":1771976946920,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000120663\/17\/NL\/CLP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000120663\/17\/NL\/CLP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 5G vision embraces a broad range of applications including the connectivity in underserved and remote areas. In particular, for these applications, satellites are going to play a role in future 5G networks to provide capacity on trains, vessels, aircraft, and for base stations around the globe. In this paper, a 5G edge node concept, developed and evaluated with over-the-air tests using satellites in the geostationary orbit, is presented. The article covers a testbed demonstration study in Europe with a large-scale testbed including satellites and the latest standardization for the network architecture. The main goal of this testbed is to evaluate how satellite networks can be best integrated within the convergent 5G environment. The over-the-air tests for 5G satellite integration in this article are based on a 3GPP Release 15 core network architecture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11090193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T02:59:22Z","timestamp":1567738762000},"page":"193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Satellite Integration into 5G: Accent on First Over-The-Air Tests of an Edge Node Concept with Integrated Satellite Backhaul"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"V\u00f6lk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Signal Processing, Bundeswehr University Munich, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Liolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SES S.A., L-6815 Betzdorf, Luxembourg"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Corici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software-based Networks, Fraunhofer FOKUS Institute, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ST Engineering iDirect, Killarney, Co Kerry, Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6966-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Signal Processing, Bundeswehr University Munich, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schlichter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Troudt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software-based Networks, Fraunhofer FOKUS Institute, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Knopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Signal Processing, Bundeswehr University Munich, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2461602","article-title":"A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging Technologies","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans, B.G. (2014, January 8\u201310). The role of Satellites in 5G. Proceedings of the 7th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 13th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop (ASMS\/SPSC), Livorno, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ASMS-SPSC.2014.6934544"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Evans, B., Onireti, O., Spathopoulos, T., and Imran, M.A. (September, January 31). The role of satellites in delivering 5G. Proceedings of the 23rd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Nice, France."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7060481","article-title":"Integration of satellite and LTE for disaster recovery","volume":"53","author":"Amditis","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynaud, L., Chavez, K.G., and De Cola, T. (2016, January 4\u20138). Quality of service for LTE public safety networks with satellite backhaul. 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Available online: https:\/\/www.unibw.de\/satcom\/spacecom."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/11\/9\/193\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:17:05Z","timestamp":1760188625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/11\/9\/193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["fi11090193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi11090193","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]}}}