{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:56:13Z","timestamp":1772499373062,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]],"date-time":"2019-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"H2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["761510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["761510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the goals of the 5G Communication Automotive Research and innovation (5GCAR) project has been to evaluate and propose system architecture enhancements aiming at supporting the strict requirements of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) use cases. In this paper, we provide an overview of 3GPP 5G system architecture, which is used as a baseline architecture in the project, and we present the main architectural enhancements introduced by 5GCAR. The work of the project focused on the following categories: (i) end-to-end security, also including aspects of privacy; (ii) network orchestration and management; (iii) network procedures; (iv) edge computing enhancements; and (v) multi-connectivity cooperation. The enhancements introduced by 5GCAR to above-listed categories are discussed in this paper, while a more detailed analysis of some selected features is presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11100217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T03:40:29Z","timestamp":1571629229000},"page":"217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["5G V2X System-Level Architecture of 5GCAR Project"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Condoluci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ericsson Research, Torshamnsgatan 23, 164 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orange Labs Networks, Orange Gardens, 44 avenue de la R\u00e9publique, 92326 Ch\u00e2tillon, France"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Mussot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orange Labs Networks, Orange Gardens, 44 avenue de la R\u00e9publique, 92326 Ch\u00e2tillon, France"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Kousaridas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huawei Technologies, Riesstra\u00dfe 25, 80992 Munich, Germany"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Spapis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huawei Technologies, Riesstra\u00dfe 25, 80992 Munich, Germany"}]},{"given":"Maliheh","family":"Mahlouji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, King\u2019s College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS London, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2760-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toktam","family":"Mahmoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, King\u2019s College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS London, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2018.2848400","article-title":"Fifth-Generation Technologies for the Connected Car: Capable Systems for Vehicle-to-Anything Communications","volume":"13","author":"Fallgren","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Veh. 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