{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T05:55:33Z","timestamp":1768542933198,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]],"date-time":"2019-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The need for innovative pathways for future zero-emission and sustainable power development has recently accelerated the uptake of variable renewable energy resources (VREs). However, integration of VREs such as photovoltaic and wind generators requires the right approaches to design and operational planning towards coping with the fluctuating outputs. This paper investigates the technical and economic prospects of scheduling flexible demand resources (FDRs) in optimal configuration planning of VRE-based microgrids. The proposed demand-side management (DSM) strategy considers short-term power generation forecast to efficiently schedule the FDRs ahead of time in order to minimize the gap between generation and load demand. The objective is to determine the optimal size of the battery energy storage, photovoltaic and wind systems at minimum total investment costs. Two simulation scenarios, without and with the consideration of DSM, were investigated. The random forest algorithm implemented on scikit-learn python environment is utilized for short-term power prediction, and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) on MATLAB\u00ae is used for optimum configuration optimization. From the simulation results obtained here, the application of FDR scheduling resulted in a significant cost saving of investment costs. Moreover, the proposed approach demonstrated the effectiveness of the FDR in minimizing the mismatch between the generation and load demand.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11100219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T11:46:59Z","timestamp":1571831219000},"page":"219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Assessing the Techno-Economic Benefits of Flexible Demand Resources Scheduling for Renewable Energy\u2013Based Smart Microgrid Planning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1590-9247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark Kipngetich","family":"Kiptoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3946-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oludamilare Bode","family":"Adewuyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1042-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Elsayed","family":"Lotfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Power and Machines, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Theophilus","family":"Amara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan"},{"name":"Distribution Operation Section, Electricity Distribution and Supply Authority, Freetown 32023, Sierra Leone"}]},{"given":"Keifa Vamba","family":"Konneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4494-6773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomonobu","family":"Senjyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-018-0179-z","article-title":"Energy investment needs for fulfilling the Paris Agreement and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"3","author":"McCollum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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