{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:48:52Z","timestamp":1760240932487,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61701234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61701234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Power wireless private networks (PWPNs) have been highly developed in China in recent years. They provide a basis for the energy Internet of Things, which enables the exchange of energy information between devices. Although the power wireless private network is an imitation of the public cellular network, a number of special challenges remain in power private networks. Due to the lack of general standards for PWPNs at the beginning of deployment, there are now two independent PWPN systems in China: long-term evolution (LTE) 230 and LTE 1800. Each has its own core and access networks with independent hardware. In this paper, we propose a high-level design of multinetwork integration to allow LTE 230 and LTE 1800 to coexist. For core network integration, we propose a protocol controller to select the active protocol according to the user\u2019s mode selection, since both LTE 230 and LTE 1800 evolved from the standard LTE system. For access network integration, we propose a multinetwork integration controller to help the device access the optimal cell. The simulation results show that the integrated system can retain the advantages of these two independent systems in terms of both capacity and coverage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11110221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T03:20:36Z","timestamp":1571973636000},"page":"221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Integration of LTE 230 and LTE 1800 in Power Wireless Private Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhengyang","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information and Telecommunication Branch, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information and Telecommunication Branch, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information and Telecommunication Branch, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information and Telecommunication Branch, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, NARI Group Corporation, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1655-9197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shakerighadi, B., Anvari-Moghaddam, A., Vasquez, J.C., and Guerrero, J.M. (2018). Internet of Things for Modern Energy Systems: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Open Issues. Energies, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/en11051252"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11759","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2717818","article-title":"Packet-Based Preamble Design for Random Access in Massive IoT Communication Systems","volume":"5","author":"Zou","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, L., Miao, W., Jiang, C., Guo, B., Li, W., Han, J., Liu, R., and Zou, J. (2017, January 14\u201317). Power wireless private network in energy IoT: Challenges, opportunities and solutions. Proceedings of the 2017 International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), Wuxi, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISC2.2017.8090803"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, J., Liu, R., Miao, W.W., Wei, L., Chen, X.D., Jiang, C.L., Guo, B., Li, W., and Han, J.H. (2017, January 26\u201328). Research on network optimization in LTE power wireless private network. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/EI2.2017.8245561"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y.G., Li, Y.L., Zheng, X.Q., and Wang, Q. (2018, January 20\u201322). Research on Reliability Optimization of 1.8 GHz TD-LTE Power Wireless Private Network. Proceedings of the 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/EI2.2018.8582223"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, L., Yi, J., Wang, D., and Li, M. (2018, January 12\u201314). Application Prospect of Wireless Private Network Based on Key Technology of Carrier Aggregation and Spectrum Sensing in Xinjiang Power Access Network. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 3rd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC), Chongqing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/IAEAC.2018.8577834"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Zha, Y., and Chen, L. (2018, January 17\u201319). Robust Energy Efficiency Optimization for Coordinated Transmission with Transceiver Impairments in Private TD-LTE Wireless Network. Proceedings of the 2018 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED), Tianjin, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CICED.2018.8592186"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Dong, X., Wu, Z., Liu, Z., and Chen, B. (2016, January 10\u201313). Security analysis and access protection of power distribution wireless private TD-LTE network. Proceedings of the 2016 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED), Xi\u2019an, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CICED.2016.7576125"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Zhong, Y., and Wang, M. (2016, January 10\u201313). Energy-efficient coordinated multi-point transmission for centralized power wireless private TD-LTE network. Proceedings of the 2016 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED), Xi\u2019an, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CICED.2016.7576124"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, J., Zhang, H., and Wei, L. (2019, January 24\u201326). Research on Planning and Evaluation Method of Spectrum Monitoring System for Power Wireless Private Network. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 8th Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference (ITAIC), Chongqing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITAIC.2019.8785759"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16985","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2800279","article-title":"Communication Modeling of Solar Home System and Smart Meter in Smart Grids","volume":"6","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2012.2223225","article-title":"A Comprehensive Investigation of Wireless LAN for IEC 61850\u2013Based Smart Distribution Substation Applications","volume":"9","author":"Parikh","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/22348972.2018.1471865","article-title":"Analysis on TD-LTE wireless private network capacity meeting the interaction demand of future smart grid","volume":"8","author":"Miao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Council Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.04.252","article-title":"Coverage Analysis on NB-IoT and LoRa in Power Wireless Private Network","volume":"131","author":"Bao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Resource Scheduling Based on Improved Spectral Clustering Algorithm in Edge Computing","volume":"2018","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Program."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Li, L., Zhao, X., Zheng, W., and Fang, J. (2018, January 12\u201314). Field Strength Prediction for Planning 230 MHz Electric Wireless Private Networks. Proceedings of the 2018 24th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), Ningbo, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/APCC.2018.8633579"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sesia, S., Toufik, I., and Baker, M. (2011). LTE: The UMTS Long Term Evolution, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470978504"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2019, October 23). 3GPP TS 36.211, Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical Channels and Modulation. Available online: https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_ts\/136200_136299\/136211\/10.03.00_60\/ts_136211v100300p."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1972.1054840","article-title":"Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation properties (Corresp.)","volume":"18","author":"Chu","year":"1972","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, J., and Xu, C. (2018). Frequency Offset Tolerant Synchronization Signal Design in NB-IoT. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18114077"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2016.7462494","article-title":"Cellular machine-type communications: physical challenges and solutions","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/11\/11\/221\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:28:46Z","timestamp":1760189326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/11\/11\/221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["fi11110221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi11110221","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-5903"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]}}}