{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:58:00Z","timestamp":1777726680261,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K06215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K06215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K04325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K04325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Operation scheduling is one of the most practical optimization problems to efficiently manage the electric power supply and demand in microgrids. Although various microgrid-related techniques have been developed, there has been no established solution to the problem until now. This is because the formulated problem becomes a complicated mixed-integer programming problem having multiple optimization variables. The authors present a framework for this problem and its effective solution to obtain an operation schedule of the microgrid components considering their coordination. In the framework, trading electricity with traditional main power grids is included in the optimization target, and uncertainty originating from variable renewable energy sources is considered. In the solution, the formulated problem is reformulated to reduce the dimensions of its solution space, and, as a result, a combined algorithm of binary particle swarm optimization and quadratic programming is applicable. Through numerical simulations and discussions of their results, the validity of the authors\u2019 proposal is verified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11110223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T04:41:27Z","timestamp":1571978487000},"page":"223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Operation Scheduling Optimization for Microgrids Considering Coordination of Their Components"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Takano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thin Zar","family":"Soe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PTTEP International Limited (Yangon Branch), Yangon 11041, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7107-3897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Duc","family":"Tuyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 11615, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Yokosuka 240-0196, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (2019, May 31). 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