{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:44:12Z","timestamp":1770752652227,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["825050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The vision of cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM) across Europe can only be realized when harmonized solutions that support cross-border traffic exist. The possibility of providing CCAM services along different countries when vehicles drive across various national borders has a huge innovative business potential. However, the seamless provision of connectivity and the uninterrupted delivery of services along borders also poses interesting technical challenges. The situation is particularly innovative given the multi-country, multi-operator, multi-telco-vendor, and multi-car-manufacturer scenario of any cross-border layout. This paper introduces the challenges associated to a cross-border deployment of communication technologies through the analysis of three use cases: tele-operated driving, high-definition map generation and distribution for autonomous vehicles, and anticipated cooperative collision avoidance. Furthermore, a set of 5G solutions have been identified to ensure that CCAM services can be supported efficiently in cross-border scenarios. Faster handover of a data connection from one operator to another, generalized inter-mobile edge computing (MEC) coordination, and quality of service (QoS) prediction are some of the solutions that have been introduced to reduce the uncertainties of a real 5G cross-border deployment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi12010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T10:28:43Z","timestamp":1577183323000},"page":"5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["5G Cross-Border Operation for Connected and Automated Mobility: Challenges and Solutions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Kousaridas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huawei Technologies, Munich Research Center, Riesstra\u00dfe 25, 80992 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schimpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich, Arcisstra\u00dfe 21, Munich, 80333 Bavaria, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7555-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Euler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ericsson Research, Torshamnsgatan 23, 164 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Vilajosana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Worldsensing S.L., Viriat 47, 10th floor, Barcelona, 08014 Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Fallgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ericsson Research, Torshamnsgatan 23, 164 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Landi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nextworks S.r.l., Via Livornese 1027, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Moscatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nextworks S.r.l., Via Livornese 1027, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5326-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sokratis","family":"Barmpounakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Ilisia, 15784 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC\/CERCA), Av. 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