{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T03:56:25Z","timestamp":1769831785617,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fog computing (FC) is used to reduce the energy consumption and latency for the heterogeneous communication approaches in the smart cities\u2019 applications of the Internet of Everything (IoE). Fog computing nodes are connected through wired or wireless medium. The goal of smart city applications is to develop the transaction relationship of real-time response applications. There are various frameworks in real-world to support the IoE in smart-cities but they face the issues like security, platform Independence, multi-application assistance, and resource management. This article is motivated from the Blockchain and Fog computing technologies and presents a secured architecture Blockchain and Fog-based Architecture Network (BFAN) for IoE applications in the smart cities. The proposed architecture secures sensitive data with encryption, authentication, and Blockchain. It assists the System-developers and Architects to deploy the applications in smart city paradigm. The goal of the proposed architecture is to reduce the latency and energy, and ensure improved security features through Blockchain technology. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed architecture performs better than the existing frameworks for smart-cities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi12040061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T13:27:19Z","timestamp":1585661239000},"page":"61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["Blockchain and Fog Based Architecture for Internet of Everything in Smart Cities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0750-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parminder","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9821-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"Nayyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School and International School, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3534-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avinash","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1698-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uttam","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2013.12.010","article-title":"Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts","volume":"38","author":"Neirotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6525602","article-title":"Enabling smart cities through a cognitive management framework for the internet of things","volume":"51","author":"Vlacheas","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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