{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:16:19Z","timestamp":1780359379121,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Website users have increasingly high expectations regarding website quality, starting from performance and ending up with the content. This article provides a list and characteristics of selected website quality indices and testing applications that are available free of charge. Aggregated website quality indices were characterised based on a review of various source materials, including the academic literature and Internet materials. Aggregated website quality indices are usually developed with a less specialised user (customer) searching for descriptive information in mind. Their presentation is focused on aesthetic sensations. Most frequently, their values are expressed in points or percent. Many of these indices appear to be of little substantive value, as they present approximate, estimated values. These indices, however, are of great marketing value instead. Specific (\u201csingle\u201d) indices are of a specialised nature. They are more difficult to interpret and address the subtle aspects of website and web application functioning. They offer great value to designers and software developers. They indicate critical spots which affect the website quality. Most of them are expressed precisely, often up to two or three decimal places, in specific units. Algorithmic tests for website quality, whose results are presented using indices, enable a reduction in the cost intensiveness of tests as well as an increase in their number and frequency, as the tests are repetitive and their number is not limited. What is more, they allow the results to be compared.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi12040072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T03:23:06Z","timestamp":1587439386000},"page":"72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Aggregated Indices in Website Quality Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0534-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Kr\u00f3l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Management and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Krak\u00f3w, Balicka 253c, 30-149 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6190-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Zdonek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Informatics, Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Online impulse buying: Understanding the interplay between consumer impulsiveness and website quality","volume":"12","author":"Wells","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2010.526150","article-title":"Measuring website quality: Asymmetric effect of user satisfaction","volume":"31","author":"Kincl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Juran, J., and Godfrey, A.B. (1999). Quality Handbook, Republished McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, L., and do Prado Leite, J.C.S. (2009). On non-functional requirements in software engineering. Conceptual Modeling: Foundations and Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02463-4_19"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Sam, M., Fazli, M., and Tahir, M.N.H. (2009). Website quality and consumer online purchase intention of air ticket. Int. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 9, Available online: https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2255286."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2003.07.002","article-title":"Dimensional hierarchy of retail website quality","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2307\/23044048","article-title":"What Signal Are You Sending? How Website Quality Influences Perceptions of Product Quality and Purchase Intentions","volume":"35","author":"Wells","year":"2011","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/14783360701231302","article-title":"The Impact of Website Quality Dimensions on Customer Satisfaction in the B2C E-commerce Context","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Total. Qual. Manag. Bus. Excel."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2001). User Expectations and Rankings of Quality Factors in Different Web Site Domains. Int. J. Electron. Commer., 6, 9\u201333.","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2001.11044237"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Loiacono, E.T. (2000). WebQual\u2122: A website quality instrument. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Georgia]."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannakoulopoulos, A., Konstantinou, N., Koutsompolis, D., Pergantis, M., and Varlamis, I. (2019). Academic Excellence, Website Quality, SEO Performance: Is there a Correlation?. Futur. Internet, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11110242"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Sikorski, M. (2012). Us\u0142ugi On-Line: Jako\u015b\u0107, Interakcje, Satysfakcja Klienta, Wyd. PJWSTK."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2007.10.008","article-title":"The impact of website quality on customer satisfaction and purchase intentions: Evidence from Chinese online visitors","volume":"27","author":"Bai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.70.2.133","article-title":"Converting Web Site Visitors into Buyers: How Web Site Investment Increases Consumer Trusting Beliefs and Online Purchase Intentions","volume":"70","author":"Schlosser","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mark."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Helms, M.M. (2006). Encyklopedia of Management, Thompson Gale."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2011.09.017","article-title":"Website performance and behavioral consequences: A formative measurement approach","volume":"66","author":"Dickinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2011.11.001","article-title":"Website usability, consumer satisfaction and the intention to use a website: The moderating effect of perceived risk","volume":"19","author":"Belanche","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2011.10.004","article-title":"Understanding of website usability: Specifying and measuring constructs and their relationships","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.05.517","article-title":"Influence of Mobile-friendly Design to Search Results on Google Search","volume":"220","author":"Schubert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.15576\/GLL\/2018.2.23","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Selected Raster Map Viewers","volume":"2","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geomat. Landmanag. Landsc."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"94","article-title":"Common practices in destination website design","volume":"1","author":"Hyman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Destin. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aci.2009.03.001","article-title":"Assessing the quality of web sites","volume":"9","author":"Hasan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Comput. Inform."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2013.839899","article-title":"A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words: Source Credibility Theory Applied to Logo and Website Design for Heightened Credibility and Consumer Trust","volume":"30","author":"Lowry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2016.1223177","article-title":"World Health Organization disability assessment schedule 2.0: An international systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Federici","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehab."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/jems.12141","article-title":"Search Engine Optimization: What Drives Organic Traffic to Retail Sites?","volume":"25","author":"Baye","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Econ. Manag. Strat."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"144","article-title":"Website hierarchy and the interaction between content organization, webpage and navigation design: A systemic functional hypermedia discourse analysis perspective","volume":"15","author":"Djonov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inf. Des. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7275.1511","article-title":"Quality of web based information on treatment of depression: Cross sectional survey","volume":"321","author":"Griffiths","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"269","article-title":"Business to business digital content marketing: Marketers\u2019 perceptions of best practice","volume":"8","author":"Holliman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Res. Interact. Mark."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2013.04.003","article-title":"The impact of website content dimension and e-trust on e-marketing effectiveness: The case of Iranian commercial saffron corporations","volume":"50","author":"Rahimnia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2013.751276","article-title":"The Impact of Social Media on the Consumer Decision Process: Implications for Tourism Marketing","volume":"30","author":"Hudson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Travel Tour. Mark."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551514534141","article-title":"Hyperlinks as inter-university collaboration indicators","volume":"40","author":"Kenekayoro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2010.03.015","article-title":"Google Analytics for measuring website performance","volume":"32","author":"Plaza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"100","article-title":"Search Engine Optimization Research for Website Promotion","volume":"Volume 4","author":"Cui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference of Information Technology, Computer Engineering and Management Sciences"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"431","article-title":"Forgotten agritourism: Abandoned websites in the promotion of rural tourism in Poland","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2014.01.001","article-title":"Online consumer behaviour and its relationship to website atmospheric induced flow: Insights into online travel agencies in China","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2018.07.019","article-title":"Understanding Chinese consumer adoption of apparel mobile commerce: An extended TAM approach","volume":"44","author":"Chi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/10196780050138173","article-title":"Design Quality of Websites for Electronic Commerce: Fortune 1000 Webmasters\u2019 Evaluations","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Electron. Mark."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13039","article-title":"Internet Websites for Chest Pain Symptoms Demonstrate Highly Variable Content and Quality","volume":"23","author":"Joury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.2.105","article-title":"DISCERN: An instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices","volume":"53","author":"Charnock","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Heal."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7.5.e55","article-title":"Website Quality Indicators for Consumers","volume":"7","author":"Griffiths","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540390074039","article-title":"Assessing, Controlling, and Assuring the Quality of Medical Information on the Internet","volume":"277","author":"Silberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2017.11.002","article-title":"Quality and Readability of English-Language Internet Information for Voice Disorders","volume":"33","author":"Dueppen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1108\/IJWBR-08-2015-0026","article-title":"Website quality and internal business factors","volume":"28","author":"Galati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Wine Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240110396469","article-title":"A new Web assessment index: Spanish universities analysis","volume":"11","author":"Mateos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"73","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of e-banking web sites: An empirical study of Spanish banks","volume":"9","author":"Miranda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electron. J. Inf. Syst. Eval."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240910981380","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of European municipal web sites","volume":"19","author":"Sanguino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1108\/JSBED-01-2012-0009","article-title":"Rural small firms\u2019 website quality in transition and market economies","volume":"20","author":"Sanders","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Small Bus. Enterp. Dev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/15378020.2015.1029386","article-title":"The Web as a Marketing Tool in the Spanish Foodservice Industry: Evaluating the Websites of Spain\u2019s Top Restaurants","volume":"18","author":"Rubio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Foodserv. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3846\/20294913.2014.915596","article-title":"A Hybrid Banking Websites Quality Evaluation Model Using AHP and COPRAS-G: A Turkey Case","volume":"20","author":"Ecer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Technol. Econ. Dev. Econ."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"83","article-title":"Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process","volume":"1","author":"Saaty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Serv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.15388\/Informatica.2009.252","article-title":"Multi-attribute decision-making model by applying grey numbers","volume":"20","author":"Zavadskas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-010-9044-2","article-title":"The relationship between website quality, trust and price premiums at online auctions","volume":"10","author":"Gregg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electron. Commer. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1108\/09590551011052106","article-title":"A new measure of e-service quality in France","volume":"38","author":"Rolland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Retail. Distrib. Manag."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1123\/jsm.25.5.458","article-title":"A Structural Model of the Relationships Between Sport Website Quality, E-Satisfaction, and E-Loyalty","volume":"25","author":"Hur","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sport Manag."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.14429\/djlit.31.6.1322","article-title":"Evaluation of Usage of University Websites in Bangladesh","volume":"31","author":"Islam","year":"2011","journal-title":"DESIDOC J. Libr. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.08.138","article-title":"A hybrid fuzzy MCDM approach for evaluating website quality of professional accounting firms","volume":"39","author":"Chou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/10580530.2013.773800","article-title":"The Effective Design of Church Web Sites: Extending the Consumer Evaluation of Web Sites to the Non-Profit Sector","volume":"30","author":"Zech","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-05-2014-0146","article-title":"Consumer attitudes towards online shopping","volume":"25","author":"Akroush","year":"2015","journal-title":"Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2015.03.012","article-title":"Impact of hotel website quality on online booking intentions: eTrust as a mediator","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"213","article-title":"Hotel website quality, perceived flow, customer satisfaction and purchase intention","volume":"7","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15332861.2018.1451970","article-title":"Mobile Commerce Website Success: Antecedents of Consumer Satisfaction and Purchase Intention","volume":"17","author":"Chi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Internet Commer."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez, A.B., L\u00f3pez, O.G., Sanguino, R., and Buenadicha-Mateos, M. (2018). Analysis and Evaluation of the Largest 500 Family Firms\u2019 Websites through PLS-SEM Technique. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10020557"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.03.006","article-title":"Pythagorean fuzzy VIKOR approaches based on TODIM for evaluating internet banking website quality of Ghanaian banking industry","volume":"78","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, Y.C., Chen, T.-J., Chu, F.Y., Liu, H.-Y., Chou, L.-F., and Hwang, S.-J. (2019). Official Websites of Local Health Centers in Taiwan: A Nationwide Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Heal., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16030399"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saverimoutou, A., Mathieu, B., and Vaton, S. (2019, January 9\u201321). Web View: Measuring & Monitoring Representative Information on Websites. Proceedings of the 2019 22nd Conference on Innovation in Clouds, Internet and Networks and Workshops (ICIN), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIN.2019.8685876"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCTHR-06-2018-0074","article-title":"Optimizing website quality: The case of two superstar museum websites","volume":"13","author":"Virto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cult. Tour. Hosp. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2018.06.005","article-title":"Evaluation of hotel websites: Progress and future developments (invited paper for \u2018luminaries\u2019 special issue of International Journal of Hospitality Management)","volume":"76","author":"Law","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Windhager, F., Salisu, S., and Mayr, E. (2019). Exhibiting Uncertainty: Visualizing Data Quality Indicators for Cultural Collections. Informatics, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics6030029"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-016-0490-z","article-title":"Web site accessibility and quality in use: A comparative study of government Web sites in Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkey","volume":"16","author":"Ismailova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Univers. Access Inf. Soc."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinha, P. (2018). Web Accessibility Analysis of Government Tourism Websites in India. SSRN Electron. J., 26\u201327.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3170191"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.22630\/RNR.2018.105.2.20","article-title":"Stopie\u0144 optymalizacji witryn internetowych obiekt\u00f3w turystyki wiejskiej dla wyszukiwarek internetowych","volume":"105","year":"2018","journal-title":"Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszar\u00f3w Wiejskich"},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Nielsen, J. (2020, March 31). Website Response Times. Available online: https:\/\/goo.gl\/MymMco."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-012-9190-3","article-title":"\u201cIt\u2019s easier to read on the Internet\u2014You just click on what you want to read\u2026\u201d","volume":"18","author":"Rasmusson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Broda, B., Ogrodniczuk, M., Nito\u0144, B., and Gruszczynski, W. (2014, January 26\u201331). Measuring Readability of Polish Texts: Baseline Experiments. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Reykjavik, Iceland."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacceco.2016.09.002","article-title":"Earnings management and annual report readability","volume":"63","author":"Lo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Account. Econ."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1111\/jofi.12162","article-title":"Measuring Readability in Financial Disclosures","volume":"69","author":"Loughran","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Finance"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sehra, S.S., Singh, J., and Rai, H. (2017). Assessing OpenStreetMap Data Using Intrinsic Quality Indicators: An Extension to the QGIS Processing Toolbox. Futur. Internet, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi9020015"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"274","article-title":"Wirtualizacja oferty agroturystycznej","volume":"1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handel Wewn\u0119trzny"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1108\/10662249810217867","article-title":"File not found: The problems of changing URLs for the World Wide Web","volume":"8","author":"Benbow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1108\/GKMC-06-2019-0067","article-title":"Peculiarity of the bit rot and link rot phenomena","volume":"69","author":"Zdonek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Knowl. Mem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.11.016","article-title":"Salient beliefs influencing the intention to consider Web Accessibility","volume":"92","author":"Vollenwyder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2016.08.006","article-title":"An exploratory study of library website accessibility for visually impaired users","volume":"38","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Libr. Inf. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"158","article-title":"Marketing Potential of Websites of Rural Tourism Facilities in Poland","volume":"12","year":"2019","journal-title":"Econ. Reg. Stud.\/Stud. \u00c8kon. i Reg."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"15","article-title":"Quantitative Measurement and Comparison of Effects of Various Search Engine Optimization Parameters on Alexa Traffic Rank","volume":"26","author":"Thakur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"Kr\u00f3l, K. (2018). Jako\u015b\u0107 witryn internetowych w zarz\u0105dzaniu marketingowym na przyk\u0142adzie obiekt\u00f3w turystyki wiejskiej w Polsce. Infrastruktura i Ekologia Teren\u00f3w Wiejskich, Komisja Technicznej Infrastruktury Wsi Oddzia\u0142u Polskiej Akademii Nauk."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.15576\/GLL\/2019.3.41","article-title":"Impact of raster compression on the performance of a map application","volume":"3","author":"Bitner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geomat. Landmanag. Landsc."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"73","article-title":"Polish agritourism farm website quality and the nature of services provided","volume":"3","author":"Zdonek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Organ. Manag. Sci. Q."},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"(2020, March 31). YSlow. Available online: http:\/\/yslow.org\/."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"107","article-title":"Credibility of automatic appraisal of domain names","volume":"127","author":"Strzelecki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Pap. Sil. Univ. Technol. Organ. Manag. Ser."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/12\/4\/72\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:21:22Z","timestamp":1760361682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/12\/4\/72"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["fi12040072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi12040072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]}}}