{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T02:29:24Z","timestamp":1770690564291,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["732667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["732667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)","award":["16\/SP\/3804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/SP\/3804"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, there has been significant advancement in resource management mechanisms for cloud computing infrastructure performance in terms of cost, quality of service (QoS) and energy consumption. The emergence of the Internet of Things has led to the development of infrastructure that extends beyond centralised data centers from the cloud to the edge, the so-called cloud-to-thing continuum (C2T). This infrastructure is characterised by extreme heterogeneity, geographic distribution, and complexity, where the key performance indicators (KPIs) for the traditional model of cloud computing may no longer apply in the same way. Existing resource management mechanisms may not be suitable for such complex environments and therefore require thorough testing, validation and evaluation before even being considered for live system implementation. Similarly, previously discounted resource management proposals may be more relevant and worthy of revisiting. Simulation is a widely used technique in the development and evaluation of resource management mechanisms for cloud computing but is a relatively nascent research area for new C2T computing paradigms such as fog and edge computing. We present a methodical literature analysis of C2T resource management research using simulation software tools to assist researchers in identifying suitable methods, algorithms, and simulation approaches for future research. We analyse 35 research articles from a total collection of 317 journal articles published from January 2009 to March 2019. We present our descriptive and synthetic analysis from a variety of perspectives including resource management, C2T layer, and simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi12060095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T02:16:27Z","timestamp":1590718587000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Simulating Resource Management across the Cloud-to-Thing Continuum: A Survey and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0069-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malika","family":"Bendechache","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8900-8700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergej","family":"Svorobej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9163-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Takako Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caruaru Campus, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50050-240, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9284-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theo","family":"Lynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Institute of Digital Business, DCU Business School, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Tarkoma, S., and Katasonov, A. (2011). Internet of Things Strategic Research Agenda, Finnish Strategic Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"IDC (2019, May 29). Worldwide Global DataSphere IoT Device and Data Forecast 2019\u20132023. Available online: https:\/\/www.idc.com\/getdoc.jsp?containerId=US45066919."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iorga, M., Goren, N., Feldman, L., Barton, R., Martin, M., and Mahmoudi, C. (2018). Fog Computing Conceptual Model.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-325"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Loomba, R., Ellis, K.A., Forsman, J., Fowley, F., Lynn, T., Svorobej, S., and Willis, P. (2020). Optimisation of Edge Networks and Their Distributed Applications, Intel. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Resource management in fog\/edge computing: A survey on architectures, infrastructure, and algorithms","volume":"52","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buyya, R., Ranjan, R., and Calheiros, R.N. (2009, January 21\u201324). Modeling and simulation of scalable Cloud computing environments and the CloudSim toolkit: Challenges and opportunities. Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation, HPCS\u201909, Leipzig, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCSIM.2009.5192685"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lynn, T., Morrison, J.P., and Kenny, D. (2018). Simulating Heterogeneous Clouds at Scale. Heterogeneity, High Performance Computing, Self-Organization and the Cloud, Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76038-4"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-015-9359-2","article-title":"A survey on resource scheduling in cloud computing: Issues and challenges","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Grid Comput."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-016-0922-3","article-title":"Cloud resource provisioning: Survey, status and future research directions","volume":"49","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knowl. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2019.06.006","article-title":"A comprehensive survey for scheduling techniques in cloud computing","volume":"143","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3341145","article-title":"Machine learning methods for reliable resource provisioning in edge-cloud computing: A survey","volume":"52","author":"Duc","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Resource management approaches in fog computing: A comprehensive review","volume":"18","author":"Souri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Grid Comput."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2015.06.002","article-title":"Open-source simulators for cloud computing: Comparative study and challenging issues","volume":"58","author":"Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Simul. Model. Pract. Theory"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, W., Peng, Y., Xie, F., and Dai, Z. (2012, January 14\u201317). Modeling and simulation of cloud computing: A review. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Asia Pacific cloud computing congress (APCloudCC), Shenzhen, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/APCloudCC.2012.6486505"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Svorobej, S., Takako Endo, P., Bendechache, M., Filelis-Papadopoulos, C., Giannoutakis, K.M., Gravvanis, G.A., Tzovaras, D., Byrne, J., and Lynn, T. (2019). Simulating fog and edge computing scenarios: An overview and research challenges. Future Internet, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11030055"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2007.443","article-title":"The case for energy-proportional computing","volume":"40","author":"Barroso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2014.02.003","article-title":"A socio-technical framework for Internet-of-Things design: A human-centered design for the Internet of Things","volume":"31","author":"Shin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Telemat. Inform."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"ITU-T (2008). Vocabulary for Performance and Quality of Service, Amendment 2: New Definitions for Inclusion in Recommendation ITU-T P. 10\/G. 100, International Telecommunication Union."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Law, A.M., and Kelton, W.D. (2000). Simulation Modelling and Analysis, McGraw Hill. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lynn, T., Gourinovitch, A., Byrne, J., Byrne, P.J., Svorobej, S., Giannoutakis, K., Kenny, D., and Morrison, J. (2017, January 24\u201326). A Preliminary Systematic Review of Computer Science Literature on Cloud Computing Research using Open Source Simulation Platforms. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science\u2014Volume 1: CLOSER, INSTICC, Porto, Portugal.","DOI":"10.5220\/0006351805650573"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne, J., Svorobej, S., Giannoutakis, K.M., Tzovaras, D., Byrne, P.J., \u00d6stberg, P., Gourinovitch, A., and Lynn, T. (2017, January 24\u201326). A Review of Cloud Computing Simulation Platforms and Related Environments. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science\u2014Volume 1: CLOSER,. INSTICC, Porto, Portugal.","DOI":"10.5220\/0006373006790691"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.06.017","article-title":"A framework for simulating large scale cloud infrastructures","volume":"79","author":"Gravvanis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickremasinghe, B., Calheiros, R.N., and Buyya, R. (2010, January 20\u201323). Cloudanalyst: A cloudsim-based visual modeller for analysing cloud computing environments and applications. Proceedings of the 2010 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Perth, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/AINA.2010.32"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"S\u00e1, T.T., Calheiros, R.N., and Gomes, D.G. (2014). CloudReports: An extensible simulation tool for energy-aware cloud computing environments. Cloud Computing, Springer."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bendechache, M., Svorobej, S., Takako Endo, P., Mario, M.N., Ares, M.E., Byrne, J., and Lynn, T. (2019, January 7\u20139). Modelling and Simulation of ElasticSearch using CloudSim. Proceedings of the 2019 23rd IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications, Cosenza, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/DS-RT47707.2019.8958653"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Son, J., Dastjerdi, A.V., Calheiros, R.N., Ji, X., Yoon, Y., and Buyya, R. (2015, January 4\u20137). Cloudsimsdn: Modeling and simulation of software-defined cloud data centers. Proceedings of the 2015 15th IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing, Shenzhen, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGrid.2015.87"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2015.10.023","article-title":"CEPSim: Modelling and simulation of Complex Event Processing systems in cloud environments","volume":"65","author":"Higashino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.2509","article-title":"iFogSim: A toolkit for modeling and simulation of resource management techniques in the Internet of Things, Edge and Fog computing environments","volume":"47","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Softw. Pract. Exp."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garg, S.K., and Buyya, R. (2011, January 5\u20138). Networkcloudsim: Modelling parallel applications in cloud simulations. Proceedings of the 2011 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing, Victoria, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/UCC.2011.24"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fittkau, F., Frey, S., and Hasselbring, W. (2012, January 24). CDOSim: Simulating cloud deployment options for software migration support. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 6th International Workshop on the Maintenance and Evolution of Service-Oriented and Cloud-Based Systems (MESOCA), Trnto, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/MESOCA.2012.6392599"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2014.09.003","article-title":"CloudExp: A comprehensive cloud computing experimental framework","volume":"49","author":"Jararweh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Simul. Model. Pract. Theory"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varga, A. (2010). OMNeT++. Modeling and Tools for Network Simulation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12331-3_3"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Tighe, M., Keller, G., Bauer, M., and Lutfiyya, H. (2012, January 22\u201326). DCSim: A data centre simulation tool for evaluating dynamic virtualized resource management. Proceedings of the 2012 8th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) and 2012 Workshop on Systems Virtualiztion Management (SVM), Las Vegas, NV, USA."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-010-0504-1","article-title":"GreenCloud: A packet-level simulator of energy-aware cloud computing data centers","volume":"62","author":"Kliazovich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2015.05.009","article-title":"DISSECT-CF: A simulator to foster energy-aware scheduling in infrastructure clouds","volume":"58","author":"Kecskemeti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Simul. Model. Pract. Theory"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sotiriadis, S., Bessis, N., Antonopoulos, N., and Anjum, A. (2013, January 25\u201328). SimIC: Designing a new inter-cloud simulation platform for integrating large-scale resource management. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/AINA.2013.123"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-017-2143-2","article-title":"Large-scale simulation of a self-organizing self-management cloud computing framework","volume":"74","author":"Giannoutakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.06.007","article-title":"Energy policies for data-center monolithic schedulers","volume":"110","author":"Ortega","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Procedures for performing systematic reviews","volume":"33","author":"Kitchenham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Keele UK Keele Univ."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Pai, M., McCulloch, M., and Colford, J. (2004). Systematic Review: A Road Map, Systematic Reviews Group. Version 2.2."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2015.01.004","article-title":"Algorithms for cost-and deadline-constrained provisioning for scientific workflow ensembles in IaaS clouds","volume":"48","author":"Malawski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.02.008","article-title":"A combinatorial double auction resource allocation model in cloud computing","volume":"357","author":"Samimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2014.09.007","article-title":"Dynamiccloudsim: Simulating heterogeneity in computational clouds","volume":"46","author":"Bux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2015.05.006","article-title":"Novel energy and SLA efficient resource management heuristics for consolidation of virtual machines in cloud data centers","volume":"47","author":"Arianyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2015.08.016","article-title":"Workload modeling for resource usage analysis and simulation in cloud computing","volume":"47","author":"Calheiros","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-015-9343-x","article-title":"Topology-aware virtual machine placement in data centers","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Grid Comput."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2015.11.026","article-title":"A joint CPU-RAM energy efficient and SLA-compliant approach for cloud data centers","volume":"94","author":"Castro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.01.020","article-title":"A delay-based dynamic scheduling algorithm for bag-of-task workflows with stochastic task execution times in clouds","volume":"71","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.07.010","article-title":"Location-aware brokering for consumers in multi-cloud computing environments","volume":"95","author":"Heilig","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.02.054","article-title":"Multi-resource scheduling and power simulation for cloud computing","volume":"397","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2016.09.016","article-title":"Novel fuzzy multi objective DVFS-aware consolidation heuristics for energy and SLA efficient resource management in cloud data centers","volume":"78","author":"Arianyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2017.10.009","article-title":"A learning automata-based algorithm for energy and SLA efficient consolidation of virtual machines in cloud data centers","volume":"113","author":"Ranjbari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-018-0105-8","article-title":"Task scheduling and resource allocation in cloud computing using a heuristic approach","volume":"7","author":"Gawali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cloud Comput."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1007\/s11280-018-0525-x","article-title":"SNA based QoS and reliability in fog and cloud framework","volume":"21","author":"Sood","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Wide Web"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Mansoori, A., Abawajy, J., and Chowdhury, M. (2018). SDN enabled BDSP in public cloud for resource optimization. Wirel. Netw., 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-018-1887-9"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"48","article-title":"Energy-efficient VM-placement in cloud data center","volume":"20","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustain. Comput. Inform. Syst."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"147","article-title":"PSO-COGENT: Cost and Energy Efficient scheduling in Cloud environment with deadline constraint","volume":"19","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustain. Comput. Inform. Syst."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2018.04.015","article-title":"Security supportive energy-aware scheduling and energy policies for cloud environments","volume":"119","author":"Grzonka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2872436","article-title":"Chimera: An energy-efficient and deadline-aware hybrid edge computing framework for vehicular crowdsensing applications","volume":"6","author":"Pu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2018.02.047","article-title":"Towards energy-aware fog-enabled cloud of things for healthcare","volume":"67","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63570","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2877696","article-title":"FogNetSim++: A toolkit for modeling and simulation of distributed fog environment","volume":"6","author":"Qayyum","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-018-2274-0","article-title":"Design and energy-efficient resource management of virtualized networked Fog architectures for the real-time support of IoT applications","volume":"74","author":"Naranjo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2018.12.002","article-title":"ACAS: An anomaly-based cause aware auto-scaling framework for clouds","volume":"126","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2019.02.003","article-title":"Modelling resource heterogeneities in cloud simulations and quantifying their accuracy","volume":"94","author":"Zakarya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Simul. Model. Pract. Theory"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.12.021","article-title":"Resource scheduling algorithm with load balancing for cloud service provisioning","volume":"76","author":"Priya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2019.01.001","article-title":"Simulating large vCDN networks: A parallel approach","volume":"92","author":"Giannoutakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Simul. Model. Pract. Theory"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s10922-019-09490-3","article-title":"Effective Load Balancing Strategy (ELBS) for Real-Time Fog Computing Environment Using Fuzzy and Probabilistic Neural Networks","volume":"27","author":"Talaat","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Netw. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-018-3602-7","article-title":"Multi-objective-oriented cuckoo search optimization-based resource scheduling algorithm for clouds","volume":"44","author":"Madni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arab. J. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-018-0914-0","article-title":"A lightweight decentralized service placement policy for performance optimization in fog computing","volume":"10","author":"Guerrero","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5162","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.5162","article-title":"Distributed Fog-to-Cloud computing system: A minority game approach","volume":"31","author":"AbdElhalim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Ostermann, S., Plankensteiner, K., Prodan, R., and Fahringer, T. (September, January 31). GroudSim: An event-based simulation framework for computational grids and clouds. Proceedings of the European Conference on Parallel Processing, Ischia, Italy."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"145","article-title":"The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing (Draft)","volume":"800","author":"Mell","year":"2011","journal-title":"NIST Spec. Publ."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"292","article-title":"NIST cloud computing reference architecture","volume":"500","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"NIST Spec. Publ."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Iorga, M., Feldman, L., Barton, R., Martin, M., Goren, N., and Mahmoudi, C. (2017). The Nist Definition of Fog Computing, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lynn, T., John Mooney, P.T.E., and Lee, B. (2020). The Internet of Things: Definitions, Key Concepts, and Reference Architectures. The Cloud-to-Thing Continuum Opportunities and Challenges in Cloud, Fog and Edge Computing, Palgrave-Macmillan. Chapter 1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41110-7_1"},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Keranen, A. (2008). Opportunistic Network Environment Simulator, Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Communications and Networking. Special Assignment Report."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1145\/1839676.1839701","article-title":"Relative status of journal and conference publications in computer science","volume":"53","author":"Freyne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gkonis, P.K., Trakadas, P.T., and Kaklamani, D.I. (2020). A Comprehensive Study on Simulation Techniques for 5G Networks: State of the Art Results, Analysis, and Future Challenges. Electronics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9030468"}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/12\/6\/95\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:33:39Z","timestamp":1760175219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/12\/6\/95"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["fi12060095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi12060095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]}}}