{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T09:14:47Z","timestamp":1771665287444,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the High-Level Talents Introduction Project of Xinjiang","award":["Y839031201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y839031201"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1703133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1703133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang","award":["2019BL-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019BL-0006"]}]},{"name":"the Open Project of Xinjiang Key Laboratory","award":["2018D04018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018D04018"]}]},{"name":"the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2017472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017472"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Benefitting from the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning, the machine translation task based on neural networks has achieved impressive performance in many high-resource language pairs. However, the neural machine translation (NMT) models still struggle in the translation task on agglutinative languages with complex morphology and limited resources. Inspired by the finding that utilizing the source-side linguistic knowledge can further improve the NMT performance, we propose a multi-source neural model that employs two separate encoders to encode the source word sequence and the linguistic feature sequences. Compared with the standard NMT model, we utilize an additional encoder to incorporate the linguistic features of lemma, part-of-speech (POS) tag, and morphological tag by extending the input embedding layer of the encoder. Moreover, we use a serial combination method to integrate the conditional information from the encoders with the outputs of the decoder, which aims to enhance the neural model to learn a high-quality context representation of the source sentence. Experimental results show that our approach is effective for the agglutinative language translation, which achieves the highest improvements of +2.4 BLEU points on Turkish\u2013English translation task and +0.6 BLEU points on Uyghur\u2013Chinese translation task.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi12060096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T04:36:09Z","timestamp":1591245369000},"page":"96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Multi-Source Neural Model for Machine Translation of Agglutinative Language"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yirong","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics &amp; Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Department of Computer and Control, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Minority Speech and Language Information Processing, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics &amp; Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Department of Computer and Control, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Minority Speech and Language Information Processing, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics &amp; Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Department of Computer and Control, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Minority Speech and Language Information Processing, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics &amp; Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Department of Computer and Control, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Minority Speech and Language Information Processing, Urumqi 830011, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, Z., Yang, Z., Deng, B., Yan, J., Wu, W., Shao, J., and Liu, C. 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