{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T21:17:39Z","timestamp":1774991859553,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]],"date-time":"2020-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the negative role of IT in digital addiction development, IT may have a positive role in dealing with digital addiction. The present study undertakes a systematic literature review to explore the state of play and the trend regarding the use of IT in digital addiction research. Using predefined keywords, the Scopus database was searched for relevant literature published from 2017 to 2020. The initial search found 1655 papers. Six stages of study selection were completed using a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study selection and quality assessment process were applied, then 15 papers were selected for further review. The results show that addiction detection using IT is the most researched topic in digital addiction research. The most commonly used IT in the selected studies are AI methods and biosignal recording systems. Various approaches in detection, prevention, and intervention are suggested in the selected studies. The advantages and limitations of each approach are discussed. Based on these results, some future research directions are suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi12100174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]],"date-time":"2020-10-18T21:26:06Z","timestamp":1603056366000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Research Trend on the Use of IT in Digital Addiction: An Investigation Using a Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Flourensia Sapty","family":"Rahayu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program Studi Sistem Informasi, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Lukito Edi","family":"Nugroho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departemen Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Ridi","family":"Ferdiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departemen Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0797-2083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djoko Budiyanto","family":"Setyohadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magister Informatika, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.53841\/bpscpf.1995.1.76.14","article-title":"Technological addictions","volume":"76","author":"Griffiths","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Forum"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1089\/109493100316067","article-title":"Does internet and computer \u201caddiction\u201d exist? Some case study evidence","volume":"3","author":"Griffiths","year":"2000","journal-title":"CyberPsychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alrobai, A., McAlaney, J., Phalp, K., and Ali, R. (2016, January 5\u20137). Online peer groups as a persuasive tool to combat digital addiction. Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Persuasive Technologies, Salzburg, Austria.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-31510-2_25"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852915000863","article-title":"Internet addiction: Reappraisal of an increasingly inadequate concept","volume":"22","author":"Starcevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9910351","DOI":"10.1136\/sbmj.9910351","article-title":"Internet addiction: Evaluation and treatment","volume":"319","author":"Young","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-015-0056-9","article-title":"Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review","volume":"2","author":"Andreassen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Addict. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02854.x","article-title":"Mobile phone addiction: A point of issue","volume":"105","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2007.01770.x","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with Internet addiction: Comparison with substance use","volume":"62","author":"Yen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00375","article-title":"Prefrontal control and internet addiction: A theoretical model and review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings","volume":"8","author":"Brand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16184-2_87","article-title":"Digital addiction: Negative life experiences and potential for technology-assisted solutions","volume":"931","author":"Cham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01926187.2016.1277804","article-title":"When flirting turns into infidelity: The Facebook dilemma","volume":"45","author":"Abbasi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Fam. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.10.038","article-title":"Social media addiction in romantic relationships: Does user\u2019s age influence vulnerability to social media infidelity?","volume":"139","author":"Abbasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2017.05.001","article-title":"Unveiling the dark side of social networking sites: Personal and work-related consequences of social networking site addiction","volume":"55","author":"Moqbel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-01-2013-0004","article-title":"Internet addiction among young people in China: Internet connectedness, online gaming, and academic performance decrement","volume":"24","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.14419\/ijet.v7i2.6.10066","article-title":"A study on impact of smartphone addiction on academic performance","volume":"7","author":"Chaudhury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lapointe, L., Boudreau-Pinsonneault, C., and Vaghefi, I. (2013, January 7\u201310). Is smartphone usage truly smart? A qualitative investigation of it addictive behaviors. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Wailea, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2013.367"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.1998.1.237","article-title":"Internet addiction: The Emergence of a new clinical disorder","volume":"1","author":"Young","year":"1998","journal-title":"CyberPsychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altuwairiqi, M., Kostoulas, T., Powell, G., and Ali, R. (2019, January 16\u201319). Problematic attachment to social media: Lived experience and emotions. Proceedings of the WorldCIST, Galicia, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16184-2_76"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"202","article-title":"Technological addictions and social connectedness: Predictor effect of internet addiction, social media addiction, digital game addiction and smartphone addiction on social connectedness","volume":"30","author":"Savci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dusunen Adam J. Psychiatry Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, S., Lee, J., and Lee, H.K. (2019). Personal factors, internet characteristics, and environmental factors contributing to adolescent internet addiction: A public health perspective. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16234635"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.2174\/157340012803520513","article-title":"Internet addiction: A brief summary of research and practice","volume":"8","author":"Cash","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Doan, A.P., and Strickland, B. (2012). Hooked on Games: The Lure and Cost of Video Game and Internet Addiction, F.E.P. International, Inc."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Eyal, N. (2014). Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products, Penguin Group (USA) LLC."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Alter, A. (2017). Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked, Penguin Group (USA) LLC."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/0743915619859852","article-title":"Addictive de-vices: A public policy analysis of sources and solutions to digital addiction","volume":"38","author":"Berthon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Public Policy Mark."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.24869\/psyd.2017.260","article-title":"Internet addiction: A review of the first twenty years","volume":"29","author":"Mihajlov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Danub."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01409","article-title":"Virtual Reality (VR) in assessment and treatment of addictive disorders: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Segawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2016.01.015","article-title":"The effects of a virtual reality treatment program for online gaming addiction","volume":"129","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"3","article-title":"Virtual reality meets artificial intelligence: The emergence of advanced digital therapeutics and digital biomarkers","volume":"17","author":"Riva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. CyberTherapy Telemed."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0747-5","article-title":"eHealth intervention for Problematic Internet Use (PIU)","volume":"18","author":"Lam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00051","article-title":"e-Addictology: An overview of new technologies for assessing and intervening in addictive behaviors","volume":"9","author":"Ferreri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Piper, R.J. (2020, October 16). How to Write Systematic Review: A Guide for Medical Students. Available online: http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/curesmed\/files\/2014\/10\/NSAMR-Systematic-Review.pdf."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdr015","article-title":"\u2018Scoping the scope\u2019 of a cochrane review","volume":"33","author":"Armstrong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briner, R.B., and Denyer, D. (2012). Systematic review and evidence synthesis as a practice and scholarship tool. Systematic Review and Evidence Synthesis as a Practice and Scholarship Tool, Oxford University Press (OUP).","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199763986.013.0007"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Kitchenham, B., and Ebse, C. (2020, October 16). Guidelines for Performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering Executive Summary. Available online: https:\/\/userpages.uni-koblenz.de\/~laemmel\/esecourse\/slides\/slr.pdf."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitchenham, B.A., Budgen, D., and Brereton, P. (2016). Evidence-Based Software Engineering and Systematic Reviews, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b19467"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2018.05.004","article-title":"Model-driven architecture based testing: A systematic literature review","volume":"102","author":"Uzun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, J., Rho, M.J., Kim, Y., Yook, I.H., Yu, H., Kim, D.-J., and Choi, I.Y. (2017). Smartphone dependence classification using tensor factorization. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177629"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22443","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2753287","article-title":"Development of a diagnostic algorithm to identify psycho-physiological game addiction attributes using statistical parameters","volume":"5","author":"Hafeez","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wibirama, S., and Nugroho, H.A. (2017, January 11\u201315). Towards understanding addiction factors of mobile devices: An eye tracking study on effect of screen size. Proceedings of the 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Jeju Island, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2017.8037353"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H., Ha, J., Chang, W.-D., Park, W., Kim, L., and Im, C.-H. (2018). Detection of craving for gaming in adolescents with internet gaming disorder using multimodal Biosignals. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010102"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-017-0860-y","article-title":"Analysis of biosignals during immersion in computer games","volume":"42","author":"Yeo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"100200","article-title":"Internet addiction disorder detection of Chinese college students using several personality questionnaire data and support vector machine","volume":"10","author":"Di","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Behav. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh, W.-H., Shih, D.-H., Shih, P.-Y., and Lin, S.-B. (2019). An ensemble classifier with case-based reasoning system for identifying internet addiction. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071233"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, H.-M., Chen, L.-Y., and Hsiao, T.-C. (2019, January 13\u201317). Real-time detection of internet addiction using reinforcement learning system. Proceedings of the 2019 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, Prague, Czech Republic.","DOI":"10.1145\/3319619.3326882"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.04.023","article-title":"Identifying indicators of smartphone addiction through user-app interaction","volume":"99","author":"Turner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-018-9984-7","article-title":"Imagining consequences of excessive smartphone use via a character-based mobile application","volume":"16","author":"Chow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Addict."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alrobai, A., Algashami, A., Do\u011fan, H., Corner, T., Phalp, K., and Ali, R. (2019). COPE.er method: Combating digital addiction via online peer support groups. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071162"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106132","article-title":"Predicting likelihood of psychological disorders in PlayerUnknown\u2019s Battlegrounds (PUBG) players from Asian countries using supervised machine learning","volume":"101","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-018-0858-0","article-title":"Is it possible to cure Internet addiction with the Internet?","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Probierz, E., and Ga\u0142uszka, A. (2020). Problematic use of the internet\u2014Using machine learning in a prevention Programme. Commun. Comput. Inf. Sci., 231\u2013238.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50732-9_31"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sama, H.R., and Kalvakolanu, S. (2020). Novel hybrid approaches to measure smartphone addiction\u2014Application of statistical and triangular fuzzy techniques. J. Public Aff.","DOI":"10.1002\/pa.2425"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2010.0167","article-title":"Internet-based intervention for the treatment of online addiction for college students in China: A pilot study of the healthy online self-helping center","volume":"14","author":"Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-013-0001-1","article-title":"The SAMS: Smartphone addiction management system and verification","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med Syst."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2017-000101","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Past, present and future","volume":"2","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci2030347","article-title":"Internet and gaming addiction: A systematic literature review of neuroimaging studies","volume":"2","author":"Kuss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.05.013","article-title":"Abnormal brain activation of adolescent internet addict in a ball-throwing animation task: Possible neural correlates of disembodiment revealed by fMRI","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-015-9364-x","article-title":"Functional characteristics of the brain in college students with internet gaming disorder","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozl\u03afkov\u00e1, K., Granja, C., and Leroy, C. (2009, January 6\u201315). Biological signals in medical diagnostics. Proceedings of the AIP Conference Proceedings, Bratislava, Slovakia.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3295626"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.3.2014.015","article-title":"The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students","volume":"3","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.085","article-title":"Prevention of internet addiction: A systematic review","volume":"5","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Leeuw, R.R.J., De Bruijn, M., Oene, G.H.D.W.-V., and Schrijvers, G. (2010). Internet and game behaviour at a secondary school and a newly developed health promotion programme: A prospective study. BMC Public Health, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-544"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1100\/2011\/289589","article-title":"Development of a new curriculum in a positive youth development program: The project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong","volume":"11","author":"Shek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.07.008","article-title":"Results of a Multibehavioral health-promoting school pilot intervention in a Dutch secondary school","volume":"52","author":"Busch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2014.0173","article-title":"Effects of a brief school-based media literacy intervention on digital media use in adolescents: Cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Walther","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Byrnes, N. (2020, October 16). Treating Addiction with an App. Available online: https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/604085\/treating-addiction-with-an-app\/."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Walravens, S. (2020, October 16). How This CEO Is Using Artificial Intelligence to Treat Addiction. Available online: https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/geekgirlrising\/2017\/11\/02\/from-addict-to-a-i-entrepreneur-how-this-ceo-is-using-technology-to-treat-addiction\/#5915f80d408e."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/12\/10\/174\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:23:29Z","timestamp":1760178209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/12\/10\/174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["fi12100174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi12100174","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]]}}}