{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T14:24:04Z","timestamp":1769005444141,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a result of their high mobility and reduced cost, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been found to be a promising tool in wireless networks. A UAV can perform the role of a base station as well as a mobile relay, connecting distant ground terminals. In this paper, we dispatch a UAV to a disaster area to help relay information for victims. We involve a bandwidth efficient technique called the Dual-Sampling (DS) method when planning the UAV flight trajectory, trying to maximize the data transmission throughput. We propose an iterative algorithm for solving this problem. The victim bandwidth scheduling and the UAV trajectory are alternately optimized in each iteration, meanwhile a power balance mechanism is implemented in the algorithm to ensure the proper functioning of the DS method. We compare the results of the DS-enabled scheme with two non-DS schemes, namely a fair bandwidth allocation scheme and a bandwidth contention scheme. The DS scheme outperforms the other two non-DS schemes regarding max-min average data rate among all the ground victims. Furthermore, we derive the theoretical optimal performance of the DS scheme for a given scenario, and find that the proposed approach can be regarded as a general method to solve this optimization problem. We also observe that the optimal UAV trajectory for the DS scheme is quite different from that of the non-DS bandwidth contention scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi12110193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T10:47:28Z","timestamp":1605005248000},"page":"193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High Throughput Data Relay in UAV Wireless Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9912-9709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fenyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7470933","article-title":"Wireless communications with unmanned aerial vehicles: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"54","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, V. (2019). Advances in Drone Communications, State-of-the-Art and Architectures. Drones, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/drones3010021"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basso, M., Zacarias, I., Tussi Leite, C.E., Wang, H., and Pignaton de Freitas, E. (2018). A Practical Deployment of a Communication Infrastructure to Support the Employment of Multiple Surveillance Drones Systems. Drones, 2.","DOI":"10.3390\/drones2030026"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2952892","article-title":"Accessing From the Sky: A Tutorial on UAV Communications for 5G and Beyond","volume":"107","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2906228","article-title":"Survey on UAV Cellular Communications: Practical Aspects, Standardization Advancements, Regulation, and Security Challenges","volume":"21","author":"Fotouhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"89","article-title":"Channel modeling and performance analysis for UAV relay systems","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"China Commun."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dan, Z., Wu, X., Zhu, S., Zhuang, T., and Wang, J.Y. (2019, January 19\u201322). On the Outage Performance of Dual-Hop UAV Relaying with Multiple Sources. Proceedings of the 2019 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC), Taiyuan, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSQRWC.2019.8799304"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M.A., Qureshi, I.M., and Khanzada, F. (2019). A Hybrid Communication Scheme for Efficient and Low-Cost Deployment of Future Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET). Drones, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/drones3010016"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4093","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2416715","article-title":"Energy-Efficient Optimal Relay Selection in Cooperative Cellular Networks Based on Double Auction","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2924631","article-title":"On the Performance of Cache-Enabled Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Relay Networks","volume":"8","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2892771","article-title":"Secure Transmissions in Millimeter Wave SWIPT UAV-Based Relay Networks","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2018.8485481","article-title":"Energy-efficient multi-UAV coverage deployment in UAV networks: A game-theoretic framework","volume":"15","author":"Ruan","year":"2018","journal-title":"China Commun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2018.2840143","article-title":"Fast Deployment of UAV Networks for Optimal Wireless Coverage","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mozaffari, M., Saad, W., Bennis, M., and Debbah, M. (2015, January 6\u201310). Drone Small Cells in the Clouds: Design, Deployment and Performance Analysis. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2015.7417609"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2016.2578312","article-title":"Efficient Deployment of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Optimal Wireless Coverage","volume":"20","author":"Mozaffari","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8132812","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8132812","article-title":"An Intelligent Strategy for Tactical Movements of UAVs in Disaster Scenarios","volume":"12","author":"Toral","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2016.2604306","article-title":"Cyclical Multiple Access in UAV-Aided Communications: A Throughput-Delay Tradeoff","volume":"5","author":"Lyu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2017.2776922","article-title":"Energy-Efficient Data Collection in UAV Enabled Wireless Sensor Network","volume":"7","author":"Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, Y., Wei, Z., Li, R., Ng, D.W.K., and Yuan, J. (2019, January 15\u201319). Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Secure UAV Communication Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE WCNC 2019, Marrakech, Morocco.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2019.8885416"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Q., Zeng, Y., and Zhang, R. (2017, January 4\u20138). Joint Trajectory and Communication Design for UAV-Enabled Multiple Access. Proceedings of the GLOBECOM 2017\u20142017 IEEE Global Communications Conference, Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2017.8254949"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2016.7389838","article-title":"A dynamic trajectory control algorithm for improving the communication throughput and delay in UAV-aided networks","volume":"30","author":"Fadlullah","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, F., Sun, Y., and Phillips, C. (2018, January 12\u201315). A Dual Sampling Cooperative Communication Method for Energy and Delay Reduction. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, 16th International Conference on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, 4th International Conference on Big Data Intelligence and Computing and Cyber Science and Technology Congress (DASC\/PiCom\/DataCom\/CyberSciTech), Athens, Greece.","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC\/PiCom\/DataCom\/CyberSciTec.2018.00-23"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, F., Sun, Y., and Phillips, C. (2019, January 15\u201318). Cache Migration Protocol for Information-Centric Networks. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshop (WCNCW), Marrakech, Morocco.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNCW.2019.8902644"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6721","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2816244","article-title":"Energy Tradeoff in Ground-to-UAV Communication via Trajectory Design","volume":"67","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2017.05.021","article-title":"Wireless Sensor Networks and Multi-UAV systems for natural disaster management","volume":"124","author":"Erdelj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2020, October 27). MATLAB CVX Toolbox. Available online: http:\/\/cvxr.com\/cvx\/."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2902559","article-title":"Energy Minimization for Wireless Communication With Rotary-Wing UAV","volume":"18","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, Y., Xu, J., and Zhang, R. (2018, January 9\u201313). Rotary-Wing UAV Enabled Wireless Network: Trajectory Design and Resource Allocation. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Abu Dhabi, UAE.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647595"}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/12\/11\/193\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:30:58Z","timestamp":1760178658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/12\/11\/193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["fi12110193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi12110193","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]}}}