{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:01:07Z","timestamp":1770973267359,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Liaoning Natural Science Foundation","award":["No.2019-ZD-0569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2019-ZD-0569"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.62076045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.62076045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s disease increases a tremendous medical and economic burden to society. Therefore, the effective drugs are urgently required. However, the traditional development of effective drugs is costly and risky. Drug repurposing, which identifies new applications for existing drugs, is a feasible strategy for discovering new drugs for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Drug repurposing is based on sufficient medical knowledge. The local medical knowledge base with manually labeled data contains a large number of accurate, but not novel, medical knowledge, while the medical literature containing the latest knowledge is difficult to utilize, because of unstructured data. This paper proposes a framework, named Drug Repurposing for Parkinson\u2019s disease by integrating Knowledge Graph Completion method and Knowledge Fusion of medical literature data (DRKF) in order to make full use of a local medical knowledge base containing accurate knowledge and medical literature with novel knowledge. DRKF first extracts the relations that are related to Parkinson\u2019s disease from medical literature and builds a medical literature knowledge graph. After that, the literature knowledge graph is fused with a local medical knowledge base that integrates several specific medical knowledge sources in order to construct a fused medical knowledge graph. Subsequently, knowledge graph completion methods are leveraged to predict the drug candidates for Parkinson\u2019s disease by using the fused knowledge graph. Finally, we employ classic machine learning methods to repurpose the drug for Parkinson\u2019s disease and compare the results with the method only using the literature-based knowledge graph in order to confirm the effectiveness of knowledge fusion. The experiment results demonstrate that our framework can achieve competitive performance, which confirms the effectiveness of our proposed DRKF for drug repurposing against Parkinson\u2019s disease. It could be a supplement to traditional drug discovery methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi13010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T08:58:34Z","timestamp":1610096314000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Drug Repurposing for Parkinson\u2019s Disease by Integrating Knowledge Graph Completion Model and Knowledge Fusion of Medical Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6354-7922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Ministry of Education, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Ministry of Education, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.22360","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: A review","volume":"323","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1159\/000362419","article-title":"Advances in drug development for Parkinson\u2019s disease: Present status","volume":"93","author":"Reddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666150112103510","article-title":"Computational and experimental advances in drug repositioning for accelerated therapeutic stratification","volume":"15","author":"Shameer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. 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