{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:54:52Z","timestamp":1760234092996,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>At present, our online activity is almost constant, either producing information or consuming it, both for the social and academic fields. The spaces in which people move and travel every day, innocently divided between the face-to-face and the virtual, affect the way we communicate and perceive ourselves. In this document, a characterization of the academic digital identity of Chilean university students is proposed and an invitation to teachers to redefine learning spaces is made, allowing integrating all those technological tools that the student actually uses. This study was developed within the logic of pragmatism based on mixed methodology, non-experimental design, and a descriptive\u2013quantitative cross-sectional approach. A non-probabilistic sample was made up of 509 students, who participated voluntarily with an online questionnaire. The Stata Version-14 program was used, applying the Mann\u2013Whitney\u2013Wilcoxon and Kruskal\u2013Wallis U tests. To develop characterizations, a conglomerate analysis was performed with a hierarchical dissociative method. In general, Chilean university students are highly truthful on the Internet without making significant differences between face-to-face and digital interactions, with low awareness of their ID, being easily recognizable on the Web. Regarding their educational process, they manage it with analogical\/face-to-face mixing formal and informal technological tools to optimize their learning process. These students manifest a hybrid academic digital identity, without gender difference in the deployment of their PLEs, but maintaining stereotypical gender behaviors in the construction of their digital identity on the Web, which shows a human-technological development similar to that of young Asians and Europeans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi13030074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T12:01:02Z","timestamp":1615896062000},"page":"74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterization of the Digital Identity of Chilean University Students Considering Their Personal Learning Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2024-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisol","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Orellana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Inform\u00e1tica Educativa, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 7500596, Chile"},{"name":"Programa de Magister en Docencia en Educaci\u00f3n Superior, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500994, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1863-375X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfina","family":"P\u00e9rez-Garcias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Pedagog\u00eda Aplicada y Psicolog\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8850-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Roco-Videla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Civil Engineering, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de la Sant\u00edsima Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4090541, Chile"},{"name":"Programa de Magister en Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-50062016000100006","article-title":"Percepci\u00f3n de Estudiantes de Psicolog\u00eda sobre el Uso de Facebook para Desarrollar Pensamiento Cr\u00edtico","volume":"9","author":"Castro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Form. Univ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-50062017000200009","article-title":"Los Dispositivos M\u00f3viles en el Proceso de Aprendizaje de la Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de la Universidad T\u00e9cnica del Norte de Ecuador","volume":"10","author":"Basantes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Form. Univ."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Magro, C. (2016). Educaci\u00f3n Conectada en Tiempos de Redes, Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"87","article-title":"Posibilidades Ubicuas del Ordenador port\u00e1til: Percepci\u00f3n de Estudiantes Universitarios Espa\u00f1oles","volume":"46","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comunicar"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJeC.2018100101","article-title":"Digital Identity and Reputation in a Virtual Practice Network-Insights Using Linguistic Features","volume":"14","author":"Abdallah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Collab."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09831-z","article-title":"The PLE As a Framework for Developing Agency in Lifelong Learning","volume":"68","author":"Dabbagh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educ. Technol. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"220","article-title":"Disponibilidad de los recursos tecnol\u00f3gicos e internet con fines educativos en tiempos de crisis: Caso asignatura \u201cHistotecnolog\u00eda I\u201d","volume":"14","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eduweb"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2008.01401.x","article-title":"On the Mediation of Everything: Ica Presidential Address 2008","volume":"59","author":"Livingstone","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"52","article-title":"La construcci\u00f3n de la identidad ling\u00fc\u00edstica de Santiago Abascal en Twitter","volume":"3","author":"Mendez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Estud. Discurso Digit. (REDD)"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"55","article-title":"Introducci\u00f3n. Identidad Digital","volume":"91","year":"2012","journal-title":"Telos Cuad. Comun. Innov."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identidades y Representaciones Sociales: La Construcci\u00f3n de las Minor\u00edas","volume":"18","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00f3madas Crit. J. Soc. Jurid. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"354","article-title":"Desvelando Nuestra Identidad Digital","volume":"21","author":"Camacho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prof. Inf."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Sixto, J., and Payo, M. (2021, March 01). El Millennial Cyborg: La Dicotom\u00eda de la Identidad. Telos: Cuadernos de Comunicaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n. Available online: https:\/\/telos.fundaciontelefonica.com\/milenial-ciborg-la-dicotomia-la-identidad\/."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Georges, F. (2009, January 22\u201326). Who Are You Doing? Declarative Acting, and Calculated Identity in Web 2.0. Proceedings of the Actes de la Conf\u00e9rence Internacional 2009, Laval, France."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3917\/tdm.018.0136","article-title":"\u201cA l\u2019image de l\u2019Homme\u201d: Cyborgs, Avatars, Identit\u00e9s Num\u00e9riques","volume":"18","author":"Georges","year":"2012","journal-title":"Temps M\u00e9dia"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Georges, F. (2010). Identit\u00e9s Virtuelles: Les Profils Utilisateur du Web 2.0, Questions Th\u00e9oriques."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/1103308819834386","article-title":"From Youthful Experimentation to Professional Identity: Understanding Identity Transitions in Social Media","volume":"28","author":"Brandtzaeg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Young"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital Identity and the Online Self: Footprint Strategies\u2013An Exploratory and Comparative Research Study","volume":"47","author":"Feher","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2018.10.003","article-title":"Personal Learning Environments Based on Web 2.0 Services in Higher Education","volume":"38","author":"Torres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telemat. Inform."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"141","article-title":"Preservice Teachers\u2019 Perception and Use of Personal Learning Environments (PLEs)","volume":"17","author":"Uluyol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Res. Open Distance Learn."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factors affecting ICT integration in TURKISH education: A systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Turgut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3923\/jse.2016.431.436","article-title":"Building a Personal Learning Environment with IFTTT Service","volume":"10","author":"Guodong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2011.01.005","article-title":"Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media","volume":"54","author":"Kietzmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.M. (2021, March 01). Four-Dimensional Model: A Literature Review on Reasons Behind Lurking Behavior. Available online: https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/VJIKMS-10-2019-0168\/full\/html."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/1750481315600304","article-title":"I Make the Rules on My Wall\u2019: Privacy and Identity Management Practices on Facebook","volume":"10","author":"Georgalou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Discourse Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"5","article-title":"La Identidad y el Aprendizaje: Una Perspectiva Social","volume":"6","author":"Zurlinden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Multidisciplin"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"137","article-title":"La Presencia Social en Entornos Virtuales 3D: Reflexiones a Partir de una Experiencia en la Universidad","volume":"50","author":"Gisbert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pixel-Bit"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.30827\/profesorado.v21i1.10371","article-title":"El Docente en la Sociedad Digital: Una Propuesta Basada en la Pedagog\u00eda Transformativa y en la Tecnolog\u00eda Avanzada","volume":"21","year":"2017","journal-title":"Profesorado"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"175","article-title":"Factores que Inciden en la Aceptaci\u00f3n de los Dispositivos M\u00f3viles para el Aprendizaje en Educaci\u00f3n Superior","volume":"30","year":"2016","journal-title":"Estud. Sobre Educ. Super."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3917\/ls.170.0129","article-title":"L\u2019identit\u00e9 Num\u00e9rique du Locuteur Dans les \u00c9changes Professionnels en Ligne: Le Cas du Forum M\u00e9dical Infirmiers.com","volume":"170","author":"Qotb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lang Soci\u00e9t\u00e9"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"656","article-title":"Promoci\u00f3n de la investigaci\u00f3n e identidad digital: El caso de la Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","volume":"24","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prof. Inf."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"79","article-title":"La Intimidad de Los J\u00f3venes en Las Redes Sociales: Transformaciones en el Espacio P\u00fablico y Privado","volume":"91","author":"Winocur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Telos. Rev. Pensam. Sobre Comun. Tecnol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809343560","article-title":"The digital identity divide: How technology knowledge impacts college students","volume":"3","author":"Goode","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Hernandez, R., Fern\u00e1ndez, C., and Batista, P. (2010). Metodolog\u00eda de la Investigaci\u00f3n. Metodolog\u00eda de la Investigaci\u00f3n, Mc Graw Hill."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Camarero Rioja, L. (2013). Estad\u00edstica Para la Investigaci\u00f3n Social, Garceta."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.12804\/revsalud14.01.2016.10","article-title":"Art\u00edculos cient\u00edficos, tipos de investigaci\u00f3n y productividad cient\u00edfica en las ciencias de la salud","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Cienc. Salud"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"217","article-title":"C\u00e1lculo del tama\u00f1o de la muestra en investigaci\u00f3n en educaci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica","volume":"2","author":"Garcia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Educ. M\u00e9dia"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Izcara Palacios, S. (2014). Manual de Investigaci\u00f3n Cualitativa, Editorial Fontamara."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"19","article-title":"Dise\u00f1o y validaci\u00f3n de instrumentos de medici\u00f3n","volume":"14","year":"2014","journal-title":"Di\u00e1logos"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"83","article-title":"Revisi\u00f3n y an\u00e1lisis documental para estado del arte: Una propuesta metodol\u00f3gica desde el contexto de la sistematizaci\u00f3n de experiencias educativas","volume":"27","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Bibl."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n de un Cuestionario sobre H\u00e1bitos de Trabajo y Aprendizaje para Futuros Profesionales: Explorar los Entornos personales de Aprendizaje","volume":"22","year":"2016","journal-title":"Relieve"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.13042\/brp.2013.65202","article-title":"La Utilizaci\u00f3n del Juicio de Experto para la Evaluaci\u00f3n de TIC: El Coeficiente de Competencia Experta","volume":"65","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bord\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-07052017000300012","article-title":"Elaboraci\u00f3n y validaci\u00f3n psicom\u00e9trica del cuestionario de convivencia escolar para la no violencia (CENVI)","volume":"43","author":"Becerra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Estud. Pedag\u00f3g."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"71","article-title":"Dise\u00f1o y validaci\u00f3n de un instrumento de medida del clima en Centros de Educaci\u00f3n Secundaria","volume":"18","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educaci\u00f3n XX1"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Villaroel, L. (2018). M\u00e9todos Bioestad\u00edsticos, Ediciones UC. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Abascal, E., and Grande, I. (2005). An\u00e1lisis de Encuestas, Esic Editorial. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Rojas, R. (2006). Gu\u00eda para Realizar Investigaciones Sociales, Plaza y Vald\u00e9s Editores. [33rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Taucher, E. (2014). Bioestad\u00edstica, Ocho Libros Editores Ltda.. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5565\/rev\/qpsicologia.1181","article-title":"Pr\u00e1cticas Emocionales y Procesos Subjetivadores en la Sociedad Digital: El Caso de los Suicidios Online","volume":"16","author":"Belli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quad. Psicol."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"e201911","article-title":"The Impact of New Media on the Forms of Culture: Digital Identity and Digital Culture","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Online J. Commun. Media Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S224133","article-title":"The Effect of Parental Phubbing on Teenager\u2019s Mobile Phone Dependency Behaviors: The Mediation Role of Subjective Norm and Dependency Intention","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2170-z","article-title":"Over-Connected? A Qualitative Exploration of Smartphone Addiction among Working Adults in China","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.06.004","article-title":"Phubbing Behavior in Conversations and its Relation to Perceived Conversation Intimacy and Distraction: An Exploratory Observation Study","volume":"100","author":"Hendrickson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-019-09947-7","article-title":"Investigating the Impact of University Students\u2019 Smartphone Addiction on their Satisfaction with Classroom Connectedness","volume":"24","author":"Soomro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-50062021000100147","article-title":"Identidad Digital y Conectividad: Conocimiento y Actitudes en Estudiantes Universitarios Chilenos","volume":"14","year":"2021","journal-title":"Form. Univ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00105","article-title":"Problematic Use of Mobile Phones in Australia\u2026 Is It Getting Worse?","volume":"10","author":"Nandavar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.7906\/indecs.16.3.10","article-title":"Smart and Secure? Millennials on Mobile Devices","volume":"16","author":"Holicza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Descr. Complex Syst."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"89","article-title":"Identidad H\u00edbrida en la Era \u201cPost-PC\u201d: Movilidad y Cambio Social","volume":"109","year":"2012","journal-title":"Telos. Rev. Pensam. Sobre Comun. Tecnol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Zafra, R. (2010). Un Cuarto Propio Conectado: (Ciber)espacio y (Auto)gesti\u00f3n del Yo, F\u00f3rcola."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Sibilia, P. (2008). La Intimidad como Espect\u00e1culo, Fondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica de Argentina."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2017.1383061","article-title":"Gender Differences in Motivations for Identity Reconstruction on Social Network Sites","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compcom.2015.11.002","article-title":"Men, Women, and Web 2.0 Writing: Gender difference in Facebook Composing","volume":"39","author":"Shepherd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Compos."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"17","article-title":"Los Memes en el Activismo Feminista en la Red. #ViajoSola como Ejemplo de Movilizaci\u00f3n Transnacional","volume":"39","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cuad. Inf."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trott, V. (2020). Networked Feminism: Counterpublics and the Intersectional Issues of #MeToo. Fem. Media Stud., 1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2020.1718176"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4067\/S0719-36962018000200063","article-title":"Ciberactivismo: Praxis Feminista y Visibilidad Pol\u00edtica en #NiUnaMenos","volume":"22","author":"Rosales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pl\u00e9yade"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"2058","article-title":"Las redes Sociales del Ciberfeminismo en Espa\u00f1a: Identidad y Repertorios de Acci\u00f3n","volume":"19","author":"Barranquero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Athenea Digit."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"95","article-title":"What Do Italian Students and Teachers Ask About Digital? Data and Reflections From Schools Participating in National Operational Programs","volume":"13","author":"Buffardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Sociol. Educ."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification of Avatar Mediates the Associations Between Motivations of Gaming and Internet Gaming Disorder Among the Malaysian Youth","volume":"18","author":"Pau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Menthal Health Addict."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-48082016000100001","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas del Uso de Internet en los Cibercaf\u00e9s","volume":"34","author":"Beranuy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ter. Psicol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2019.1625442","article-title":"Making Friends in Online Games: Gender Differences and Designing for Greater Social Connectedness","volume":"39","author":"Vella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behavavior Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"1","article-title":"Feminist Futures: #MeToo\u2019s Possibilities as Poiesis, Techn\u00e9, and Pharmakon","volume":"21","author":"Wiens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fem. Media Stud."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721417730833","article-title":"Social Network Sites and Well-Being: The Role of Social Connection","volume":"27","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.11.011","article-title":"Self-Schema and Self-Discrepancy Mediate the Influence of Instagram Usage on Body Image Satisfaction Among Youth","volume":"68","author":"Ahadzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2016.09.005","article-title":"How Many Likes did I Get?: Purpose Moderates Links between Positive Social Media Feedback and Self-Esteem","volume":"69","author":"Burrow","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"n4","article-title":"Sex Differences in Attitudes towards Online Privacy and Anonymity among Israeli Students with Different Technical Backgrounds","volume":"22","author":"Weinberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inf. Res. Int. Electron. J."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-017-0364-z","article-title":"Exploring the Relationship between University Students\u2019 Conceptions of and Approaches to Learning Mass Communication in Taiwan","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/2042753017752973","article-title":"A Taxonomy of Digital Media Types for Learner-Generated Digital Media Assignments","volume":"14","author":"Reyna","year":"2017","journal-title":"E-Learn. Digit. Media"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"1","article-title":"Covid-19 y Educaci\u00f3n Superior: De Los Efectos Inmediatos al D\u00eda Despu\u00e9s","volume":"11","author":"Giannini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Latinoam. Educ. Comp."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/2042753018785180","article-title":"E-learning, M-learning and D-learning: Conceptual definition and comparative analysis","volume":"15","author":"Wotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"E-Learn. Digit. Media"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"128","article-title":"Educaci\u00f3n virtual y ense\u00f1anza remota de emergencia en el contexto de la educaci\u00f3n superior t\u00e9cnico-profesional: Posibilidades y barreras","volume":"6","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Saberes Educ."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"151","article-title":"Dificultades de Comprensi\u00f3n del Teorema Central del L\u00edmite en Estudiantes Universitarios","volume":"24","year":"2012","journal-title":"Educ. Mat."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/13\/3\/74\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:36:26Z","timestamp":1760160986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/13\/3\/74"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["fi13030074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi13030074","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-5903"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]}}}