{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:09:00Z","timestamp":1760234940862,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S003921N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S003921N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Broadcasters are building studio architectures based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) IT hardware because of advantages such as cost reduction, ease of management, and upgradation. Media function virtualization (MFV) leverages IP networking to transport media streams between virtual media functions (VMFs), where they are processed. Media service deployment in an MFV environment entails solving the VMF-FG scheduling problem to ensure that the required broadcast quality guarantees are fulfilled. In this paper, we formulate the VMF-FG scheduling problem and propose a greedy-based algorithm to solve it. The evaluation of the algorithm is carried in terms of the end-to-end delay and VMF queuing delay. Moreover, the importance of VMF-FG decomposition in upgradation to higher-quality formats is also highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi13070167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T11:45:40Z","timestamp":1624880740000},"page":"167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Scheduling for Media Function Virtualization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gourav Prateek","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, UGent-IMEC, Technologiepark 126, Zwijnaarde, B-9052 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"Tavernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, UGent-IMEC, Technologiepark 126, Zwijnaarde, B-9052 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Colle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, UGent-IMEC, Technologiepark 126, Zwijnaarde, B-9052 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Pickavet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, UGent-IMEC, Technologiepark 126, Zwijnaarde, B-9052 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Fremeije, M. (2021, June 24). The Rising Need for Media Function Virtualization. Available online: https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/cms\/managed-files\/IDC-The_Rising_Need_for_Media_Function_Virtualization.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kojima, T., Stone, J.J., Chen, J., and Gardiner, P.N. (2014, January 27\u201329). A Practical Approach to IP Live Production. Proceedings of the SMPTE 2014 Annual Technical Conference Exhibition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.","DOI":"10.5594\/j18514"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Paulsen, K. (2021, June 24). Prepping for the IP Transition. Available online: https:\/\/fdocuments.in\/reader\/full\/the-definitive-guide-to-prepping-for-the-ip-transition-2020-03-06-the-definitive."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Nevion Ltd. (2021, June 24). The Road to COTS and the Cloud for Real-Time Broadcast Production. Available online: https:\/\/nevion.com\/resources\/whitepapers\/whitepaper-cots-and-the-cloud-for-real-time-broadcast-production\/."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2016.2598420","article-title":"Resource allocation in NFV: A comprehensive survey","volume":"13","author":"Herrera","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Finn, N., Thubert, P., Varga, B., and Farkas, J. (2021, June 24). Deterministic Networking Architecture. Available online: https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/id\/draft-ietf-detnet-architecture-04.html."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Chen, M., Geng, X., and Li, Z. (2021, June 24). Segment Routing (SR) Based Bounded Latency. Available online: https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/draft-chen-detnet-sr-based-bounded-latency-01."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2017). 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Available online: https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/rd\/blog\/2014-07-commonwealth-games-showcase-network."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5594\/JMI.2020.2980600","article-title":"How CBC\/Radio-Canada Tested Media-over-IP Devices to Build its New Facility","volume":"129","author":"Poulin","year":"2020","journal-title":"SMPTE Motion Imaging J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11456","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2964630","article-title":"Software-Based Video\u2013Audio Production Mixer via an IP Network","volume":"8","author":"Luzuriaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Winter, D. (2021, June 24). Compositing and Mixing Video in the Browser. Available online: https:\/\/isotoma.com\/blog\/2017\/06\/23\/compositing-and-mixing-video-in-the-browser\/."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, G.P., Colle, D., Tavernier, W., and Pickavet, M. (2020, January 19\u201322). Improving Resource Utilization with Virtual Media Function Decomposition. Proceedings of the IEEE 2020 Fourth International Conference on Multimedia Computing, Networking and Applications (MCNA), Valencia, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/MCNA50957.2020.9264280"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.10.016","article-title":"Joint routing and scheduling for large-scale deterministic IP networks","volume":"165","author":"Krolikowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/13\/7\/167\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:25:34Z","timestamp":1760163934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/13\/7\/167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["fi13070167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi13070167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-5903"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]}}}