{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T12:43:50Z","timestamp":1771677830441,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Together with vaccines, contact tracing systems (CTS) have proved to be one of the best strategies to deal with the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, the adoption of such systems has been quite limited in EU countries, and Italy was no exception. The present research aimed to investigate the factors drawn from the most relevant psychological models in the literature, most associated with the adoption of CTS. The data analysis of the 501 surveyed answers (329 from CTS adopters) showed that knowing important others who have downloaded the CTS, CTS attitudes, CTS perceived efficacy, COVID-19 risk perception, and trust in the government and its actions influenced the adoption of the Italian CTS (52% of explained variance). These factors defined a new specific model that can be used to more effectively promote CTS adoption and thus increase the protective potential of these technologies, whose effectiveness is inevitably linked to adoption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi13110286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T20:46:47Z","timestamp":1637009207000},"page":"286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["What Went Wrong? Predictors of Contact Tracing Adoption in Italy during COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0203-4461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Guazzini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Centre for the Study of Complex Dynamics, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Fiorenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Panerai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8272-9484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirko","family":"Duradoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ferguson, N., Laydon, D., Nedjati Gilani, G., Imai, N., Ainslie, K., Baguelin, M., Bhatia, S., Boonyasiri, A., Cucunuba Perez, Z., and Cuomo-Dannenburg, G. (2021, October 25). Report 9: Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) to Reduce COVID19 Mortality and Healthcare Demand. Available online: https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis\/covid-19\/report-9-impact-of-npis-on-covid-19\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.08.026","article-title":"Attitudes and opinions on quarantine and support for a contact-tracing application in France during the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"188","author":"Guillon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2565","article-title":"Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19","volume":"323","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0869-5","article-title":"Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabb6936","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb6936","article-title":"Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing","volume":"368","author":"Ferretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30567-5","article-title":"How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?","volume":"395","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659620917724","article-title":"COVID-19: Facts, Cultural Considerations, and Risk of Stigmatization","volume":"31","author":"Bruns","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transcult. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Hale, T., Angrist, N., Kira, B., Petherick, A., Phillips, T., and Webster, S. (2021, October 25). Variation in Government Responses to COVID-19. Available online: https:\/\/www.bsg.ox.ac.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-12\/BSG-WP-2020-032-v10.pdf."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"57","article-title":"The thorny problems of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: The need for a holistic approach","volume":"4","author":"Osman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Behav. Econ. Policy"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"e23194","article-title":"COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: A Technologic Tower of Babel and the Gap for International Pandemic Control","volume":"8","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR MHealth UHealth"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21572","DOI":"10.2196\/21572","article-title":"COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Apps: Analysis of the Readability of Privacy Policies","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19359","DOI":"10.2196\/19359","article-title":"COVID-19 Contact Tracing and Data Protection Can Go Together","volume":"8","author":"Abeler","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR MHealth UHealth"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ardito, C., Lanzilotti, R., Malizia, A., Petrie, H., Piccinno, A., Desolda, G., and Inkpen, K. (2021). Investigating Italian Citizens\u2019 Attitudes Towards Immuni, the Italian Contact Tracing App. Proceedings of the Human-Computer Interaction\u2013INTERACT 2021, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85616-8"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s13755-021-00147-7","article-title":"Contact tracing apps for the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic literature review of challenges and future directions for neo-liberal societies","volume":"9","author":"Akinbi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Inf. Sci. Syst."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-01044-x","article-title":"Tracking and promoting the usage of a COVID-19 contact tracing app","volume":"5","author":"Munzert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25726","DOI":"10.2196\/25726","article-title":"Adoption of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: A Balance Between Privacy and Effectiveness","volume":"23","author":"Seto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19857","DOI":"10.2196\/19857","article-title":"Acceptability of App-Based Contact Tracing for COVID-19: Cross-Country Survey Study","volume":"8","author":"Altmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR MHealth UHealth"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102287","article-title":"Information technology solutions, challenges, and suggestions for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"57","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.03.005","article-title":"Mobile technology identity and self-efficacy: Implications for the adoption of clinically supported mobile health apps","volume":"49","author":"Balapour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2013.0092","article-title":"Understanding Gender Differences in m-Health Adoption: A Modified Theory of Reasoned Action Model","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Telemed. E-Health"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"65","article-title":"A theory of reasoned action: Some applications and implications","volume":"27","author":"Fishbein","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nebr. Symp. Motiv."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9316","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.9316","article-title":"What Predicts Patients\u2019 Adoption Intention Toward mHealth Services in China: Empirical Study","volume":"6","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR MHealth UHealth"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7886","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.7886","article-title":"Patients\u2019 Acceptance of Smartphone Health Technology for Chronic Disease Management: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Test","volume":"5","author":"Dou","year":"2017","journal-title":"JMIR MHealth UHealth"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2017.02.002","article-title":"Understanding factors influencing the adoption of mHealth by the elderly: An extension of the UTAUT model","volume":"101","author":"Hoque","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inf."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","article-title":"User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View","volume":"27","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2307\/41410412","article-title":"Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology","volume":"36","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2012","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0483","article-title":"Ready or Not for Contact Tracing? Investigating the Adoption Intention of COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Technology Using an Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model","volume":"24","author":"Walrave","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106405","article-title":"South African millennials\u2019 acceptance and use of retail mobile banking apps: An integrated perspective","volume":"111","author":"Thusi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-020-00689-0","article-title":"Assessing the Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence: Introduction of a Short Measure in German, Chinese, and English Language","volume":"35","author":"Sindermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"KI-K\u00fcnstl. Intell."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2009.0171","article-title":"Attitudes and Reactions to a Healthcare Robot","volume":"16","author":"Broadbent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Telemed. E-Health"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-005-0012-7","article-title":"Experimental investigation into influence of negative attitudes toward robots on human\u2013robot interaction","volume":"20","author":"Nomura","year":"2006","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s12626-021-00071-y","article-title":"We Mostly Think Alike: Individual Differences in Attitude Towards AI in Sweden and Japan","volume":"15","author":"Persson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Socionetwork Strateg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2307\/3250959","article-title":"A Longitudinal Investigation of Personal Computers in Homes: Adoption Determinants and Emerging Challenges","volume":"25","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2001","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2307\/249443","article-title":"Personal Computing: Toward a Conceptual Model of Utilization","volume":"15","author":"Thompson","year":"1991","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2.3.192","article-title":"Development of an Instrument to Measure the Perceptions of Adopting an Information Technology Innovation","volume":"2","author":"Moore","year":"1991","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, Prentice-Hall, Inc."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.14.1.47.14767","article-title":"Informational Influence in Organizations: An Integrated Approach to Knowledge Adoption","volume":"14","author":"Sussman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1108\/07363760610674329","article-title":"Using framing and credibility to incorporate exercise and fitness in individuals\u2019 lifestyle","volume":"23","author":"Arora","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Consum. Mark."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.09.003","article-title":"Persuasive messages on information system acceptance: A theoretical extension of elaboration likelihood model and social influence theory","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024833","article-title":"The contribution of studies of source credibility to a theory of interpersonal trust in the communication process","volume":"68","author":"Giffin","year":"1967","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2010.01529.x","article-title":"A Social-Cognitive Model of Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Risk Perception and Recommended Behaviors in Italy","volume":"31","author":"Prati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13207","article-title":"Developing a Broadly Applicable Measure of Risk Perception","volume":"39","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen-Kosterink, S., Hurmuz, M., den Ouden, M., and van Velsen, L. (2021, October 25). Predictors to Use Mobile Apps for Monitoring COVID-19 Symptoms and Contact Tracing: A Survey among Dutch Citizens. Available online: https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.06.02.20113423v1.full-text.","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.28416"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fonseca, F., Conticelli, E., Papageorgiou, G., Ribeiro, P., Jabbari, M., Tondelli, S., and Ramos, R. (2021). Use and Perceptions of Pedestrian Navigation Apps: Findings from Bologna and Porto. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10070446"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/03081060.2019.1576381","article-title":"Investigation of the use of smartphone applications for trip planning and travel outcomes","volume":"42","author":"Jamal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. Plan. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa239","article-title":"Who does or does not use the \u2018Corona-Warn-App\u2019 and why?","volume":"31","author":"Horstmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106718","article-title":"Privacy concerns can explain unwillingness to download and use contact tracing apps when COVID-19 concerns are high","volume":"119","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/mus037","article-title":"Internet, Trust in Government, and Citizen Compliance","volume":"24","author":"Im","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Public Adm. Res. Theory"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22146\/jsp.28679","article-title":"Public Trust and Regulatory Compliance","volume":"21","author":"Widaningrum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ilmu Sos. Dan Ilmu Polit."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01539442","article-title":"Gender-specific pathways to intimacy in early adolescence","volume":"19","author":"Camarena","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.27.1.415","article-title":"Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks","volume":"27","author":"McPherson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","article-title":"Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1027\/\/1015-5759.19.2.131","article-title":"Factorial and construct validity of the Italian Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)","volume":"19","author":"Terraciano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.5334\/irsp.82","article-title":"Why Psychologists Should by Default Use Welch\u2019s t-test Instead of Student\u2019s t-test","volume":"30","author":"Delacre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Academic Press. [Rev. ed.]."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20234","article-title":"Effect sizes, confidence intervals, and confidence intervals for effect sizes","volume":"44","author":"Thompson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Sch."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.08.001","article-title":"User\u2019s guide to correlation coefficients","volume":"18","author":"Akoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moretti, A., Menna, F., Aulicino, M., Paoletta, M., Liguori, S., and Iolascon, G. (2020). Characterization of Home Working Population during COVID-19 Emergency: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176284"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-106599","article-title":"Working from home in the time of COVID-19: How to best preserve occupational health?","volume":"77","author":"Bouziri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3390\/covid1010020","article-title":"When Italians Follow the Rules against COVID Infection: A Psychological Profile for Compliance","volume":"1","author":"Duradoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"COVID"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2021.101474","article-title":"Feature selection for proximity estimation in COVID-19 contact tracing apps based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)","volume":"77","author":"Madoery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B., and Adeya, C.N. (2021, October 25). Internet Access in Africa: An Empirical Exploration. Available online: https:\/\/ideas.repec.org\/p\/unm\/unuint\/200205.html."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2005.03.004","article-title":"Digital divide in a developing country","volume":"29","author":"Mariscal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Telecommun. Policy"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shubina, V., Ometov, A., and Simona Lohan, E. (2020, January 5\u20137). Technical Perspectives of Contact-Tracing Applications on Wearables for COVID-19 Control. Proceedings of the 2020 12th International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT), Brno, Czech Republic.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUMT51630.2020.9222246"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.30699\/fhi.v10i1.270","article-title":"Technological Solutions for Screening and Geolocation of COVID-19 Infected People: A Country Comparison Approach","volume":"10","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Health Inform."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1747016120943622","article-title":"The ethics of COVID-19 tracking apps\u2013challenges and voluntariness","volume":"16","author":"Klar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Ethics"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W7","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2020.1764136","article-title":"The Value and Ethics of Using Technology to Contain the COVID-19 Epidemic","volume":"20","author":"Dubov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Bioeth."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"020103","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.020103","article-title":"The ethics and value of contact tracing apps: International insights and implications for Scotland\u2019s COVID-19 response","volume":"10","author":"Pagliari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2020.08.006","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic in China: Context, experience and lessons","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Policy Technol."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/13\/11\/286\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:30:46Z","timestamp":1760167846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/13\/11\/286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["fi13110286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi13110286","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]}}}