{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T21:10:57Z","timestamp":1762377057980,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cloud computing has been a dominant computing paradigm for many years. It provides applications with computing, storage, and networking capabilities. Furthermore, it enhances the scalability and quality of service (QoS) of applications and offers the better utilization of resources. Recently, these advantages of cloud computing have deteriorated in quality. Cloud services have been affected in terms of latency and QoS due to the high streams of data produced by many Internet of Things (IoT) devices, smart machines, and other computing devices joining the network, which in turn affects network capabilities. Content delivery networks (CDNs) previously provided a partial solution for content retrieval, availability, and resource download time. CDNs rely on the geographic distribution of cloud servers to provide better content reachability. CDNs are perceived as a network layer near cloud data centers. Recently, CDNs began to perceive the same degradations of QoS due to the same factors. Fog computing fills the gap between cloud services and consumers by bringing cloud capabilities close to end devices. Fog computing is perceived as another network layer near end devices. The adoption of the CDN model in fog computing is a promising approach to providing better QoS and latency for cloud services. Therefore, a fog-based CDN framework capable of reducing the load time of web services was proposed in this paper. To evaluate our proposed framework and provide a complete set of tools for its use, a fog-based browser was developed. We showed that our proposed fog-based CDN framework improved the load time of web pages compared to the results attained through the use of the traditional CDN. Different experiments were conducted with a simple network topology against six websites with different content sizes along with a different number of fog nodes at different network distances. The results of these experiments show that with a fog-based CDN framework offloading autonomy, latency can be reduced by 85% and enhance the user experience of websites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi13120320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,19]],"date-time":"2021-12-19T20:37:27Z","timestamp":1639946247000},"page":"320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Fog-Based CDN Framework for Minimizing Latency of Web Services Using Fog-Based HTTP Browser"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2717-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaki T.","family":"Fayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Ab-bassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossam M.","family":"Faheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Systems Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Ab-bassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, November 29). 41.6 Billion IoT Devices will be Generating 79.4 Zettabytes of Data in 2025\u2014Help Net Security. 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Proceedings of the EdgeSys 2018\u2014The 1st ACM International Workshop on Edge Systems, Analytics and Networking, Part of MobiSys 2018, Munich, Germany.","DOI":"10.1145\/3213344.3213352"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Alghamdi, F., Barnawi, A., and Mahfoudh, S. (2021, November 29). Fog-Based CDN Architecture using ICN Approach for Efficient Large-Scale Content Distribution. Available online: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-03405-4_48.pdf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7864094","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7864094","article-title":"A Novel Fog Computing Based Architecture to Improve the Performance in Content Delivery Networks","volume":"2019","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, Q.N., L\u00f3pez, J., Tsuda, T., Sato, T., Nguyen, K., Ariffuzzaman, M., Safitri, C., and Thanh, N.H. (2020, January 7\u201310). 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Comput."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"51","article-title":"Humanizing IoT: Defining the Profile and the Reliability of a Thing in a Multi-IoT Scenario","volume":"Volume 846","author":"Ursino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Studies in Computational Intelligence"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150010","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3010157","article-title":"A Novel Fog-Based Multi-Level Energy-Efficient Framework for IoT-Enabled Smart Environments","volume":"8","author":"Ammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/13\/12\/320\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:51:07Z","timestamp":1760169067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/13\/12\/320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["fi13120320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi13120320","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-5903"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]}}}