{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:52:22Z","timestamp":1760151142903,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China: Polymorphic Intelligent Network Environment (PINE) for Testing and Demonstrations","award":["2020YFB1806402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1806402"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Information-centric networking (ICN) is an emerging network architecture that has the potential to address low-transmission latency and high-reliability requirements in the fifth generation and beyond communication networks (5G\/B5G). In the ICN architectures that use the identifier\u2013locator separation mode, a name resolution system (NRS) is an important infrastructure for managing and maintaining the mappings between identifiers and locators. To meet the demands of time-sensitive applications, researchers have developed a distributed local NRS that can provide name resolution service within deterministic latency, which means it can respond to a name resolution request within a latency upper bound. However, processing name resolution requests only locally cannot take full advantage of the potential of the distributed local NRS. In this paper, we propose a name resolution approach, called adjacency-information-entropy-based cooperative name resolution (ACNR). In ACNR, when a name resolution node receives a name resolution request from a user, it can use neighboring name resolution nodes to respond to this request in a parallel processing manner. For this purpose, ACNR uses the information entropy that takes into account the adjacency and latency between name resolution nodes to describe the local structure of nodes efficiently. The proposed approach is extensively validated on simulated networks. Compared with several other approaches, the experiment results show that ACNR can discover more cooperative neighbors in a reasonable communication overhead, and achieve a higher name resolution success rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi14030068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T09:34:38Z","timestamp":1645608878000},"page":"68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adjacency-Information-Entropy-Based Cooperative Name Resolution Approach in ICN"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7488-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Network New Media Engineering Research Center, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21, North Fourth Ring Road, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A), Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Network New Media Engineering Research Center, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21, North Fourth Ring Road, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A), Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Building 8, Vanke Cloud City, 1st Phase, Liuxian Cave, Xili Road, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haojiang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Network New Media Engineering Research Center, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21, North Fourth Ring Road, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A), Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Building 8, Vanke Cloud City, 1st Phase, Liuxian Cave, Xili Road, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"5G Internet of Things: A survey","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ind. Inf. Integr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/02564602.2018.1444516","article-title":"Towards Connected Living: 5G Enabled Internet of Things (IoT)","volume":"36","author":"Agiwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"IETE Tech. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"3130","article-title":"An Overview on Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G\u20136G","volume":"3","author":"Anju","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Recent Innov. Trends Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2841349","article-title":"A survey on low latency towards 5G: RAN, core network and caching solutions","volume":"20","author":"Parvez","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2019.1800364","article-title":"Intelligent architecture for mobile hetnet in b5g","volume":"33","author":"Chien","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"ITU Web Site (2022, January 27). ITU FG-Net-2030 Network 2030 (A Blueprint of Technology, Applications and Market Drivers Towards the Year 2030 and Beyond Written). Available online: https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/ITU-T\/focusgroups\/net2030\/Documents\/White_Paper.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohlman, B. (2015, January 9\u201312). From ID\/locator split to ICN. Proceedings of the 2015 12th Annual IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2015, Las Vegas, NV, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC.2015.7157986"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3390\/fi5010067","article-title":"Global locator, local locator, and identifier split (GLI-Split)","volume":"5","author":"Menth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Internet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8322","DOI":"10.17148\/IJARCCE.2014.31055","article-title":"A Survey on Naming, Name Resolution and Data Routing in Information Centric Networking (ICN)","volume":"3","author":"Barakabitze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Commun. Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.070813.00063","article-title":"A survey of information-centric networking research","volume":"16","author":"Xylomenos","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1","article-title":"SEANet: Architecture and Technologies of an On-site, Elastic, Autonomous Network","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Netw. New Media"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50057","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2980385","article-title":"A Comparative Performance Analysis of Popularity-Based Caching Strategies in Named Data Networking","volume":"8","author":"Naeem","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobson, V., Smetters, D.K., Thornton, J.D., Plass, M.F., Briggs, N.H., and Braynard, R.L. (2009, January 1\u20134). Networking named content. Proceedings of the CoNEXT\u201909\u20142009 ACM Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, Rome, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/1658939.1658941"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1145\/2656877.2656887","article-title":"Named data networking","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1145\/1282427.1282402","article-title":"A data-oriented (and Beyond) network architecture","volume":"37","author":"Koponen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1145\/2412096.2412098","article-title":"MobilityFirst: A robust and trustworthy mobility-centric architecture for the future internet","volume":"16","author":"Raychaudhuri","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACM SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2013.01.009","article-title":"Network of information (NetInf)-An information-centric networking architecture","volume":"36","author":"Dannewitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Fotiou, N., Nikander, P., Trossen, D., and Polyzos, G.C. (2010, January 25\u201327). Developing information networking further: From PSIRP to PURSUIT. Proceedings of the International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems, Athens, Greece."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11761-019-00260-2","article-title":"Locality sensitive request distribution for fog and cloud servers","volume":"13","author":"Fadahunsi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Serv. Oriented Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathy, L., and Iannone, L. (2008, January 9). LISP-DHT: Towards a DHT to map identifiers onto locators. Proceedings of the 2008 ACM CoNEXT Conference\u20144th International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies, Madrid, Spain.","DOI":"10.1145\/1544012.1544073"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2009.30","article-title":"A DHT-based identifier-to-locator mapping approach for a scalable internet","volume":"20","author":"Luo","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1145\/964723.383071","article-title":"Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications","volume":"31","author":"Stoica","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1145\/964723.383072","article-title":"A scalable content-addressable network","volume":"31","author":"Ratnasamy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, Y., Sheng, Y., and Wang, J. (2019). A temporally hierarchical deployment architecture for an enhanced name resolution system. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9142891"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Ambrosio, M., Dannewitz, C., Karl, H., and Vercellone, V. (2011, January 19). MDHT: A hierarchical name resolution service for information-centric networks. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Information-Centric Networking, Toronto, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1145\/2018584.2018587"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30045-5_2","article-title":"On inter-domain name resolution for information-centric networks","volume":"7289","author":"Katsaros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2018.03.005","article-title":"A comparative study of name resolution and routing mechanisms in information-centric networks","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digit. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Fang, B., and Du, X. (2015, January 6\u201310). Geometric routing on flat names for ICN. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2015.7417435"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2015.08.024","article-title":"A bottleneck-free tree-based name resolution system for Information-Centric Networking","volume":"91","author":"Louati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, J., Chun, W., and Jung, H. (October, January 30). Demonstrating a scalable name resolution system for information-centric networking. Proceedings of the ICN 2015\u20142nd International Conference on Information-Centric Networking, San Francisco, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2810156.2812617"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.15.2415.0045","article-title":"IDNet: Beyond ALL-IP network","volume":"37","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"ETRI J."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"119","article-title":"Named data object organization in distributed name resolution system for information centric network environment","volume":"9","author":"Hassan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Telecommun. Electron. Comput. Eng."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"39","article-title":"A Survey on Nearest Neighbor Search Methods","volume":"95","author":"RezaAbbasifard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1145\/514191.514206","article-title":"Search and replication in unstructured peer-to-peer networks","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Lv","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Supercomputing"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Li, J., Zhang, T., Wang, F., Li, J., and Huang, D. (2012, January 12\u201314). Search algorithm based on peers division in unstructured P2P network. Proceedings of the 2012 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, ICICTA 2012, Zhangjiajie, China."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"654","article-title":"Dynamic search algorithm in unstructured peer-to-peer networks","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxy028","article-title":"Non-backtracking centrality based random walk on networks","volume":"62","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1108\/17427370911033309","article-title":"A flexible locality-aware peer-to-peer streaming system","volume":"6","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pervasive Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.04.007","article-title":"All-dimension neighborhood based particle swarm optimization with randomly selected neighbors","volume":"405","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/01969722.2012.717860","article-title":"Optimized query forwarding for resource discovery in unstructured peer-to-peer grids","volume":"43","author":"Noghabi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cybern. Syst."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47468","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2972034","article-title":"An Improved DBSCAN Algorithm Based on the Neighbor Similarity and Fast Nearest Neighbor Query","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogers, E.M., and Valente, T.W. (2017). A History of Information Theory in Communication Research. Between Communication and Information, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351294720-2"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2017.09.042","article-title":"Measure the structure similarity of nodes in complex networks based on relative entropy","volume":"491","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2017.09.010","article-title":"Influential nodes ranking in complex networks: An entropy-based approach","volume":"104","author":"Zareie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59616-w","article-title":"Identifying vital nodes in complex networks by adjacency information entropy","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, C., Yang, L., Chen, X., Chen, D., Gao, H., and Ma, J. (2020). Influential nodes identification in complex networks via information entropy. Entropy, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/e22020242"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sibo, C., Zhiwei, L., and Hong, H. (2011, January 27\u201329). Wireless sensor network node localization algorithm based on adjacent node relationship. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, ICCSN 2011, Xi\u2019an, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSN.2011.6014037"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Matloff, N. (2008). Introduction to Discrete-Event Simulation and the Simpy Language, Department of Computer Science, University of California at Davis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509","article-title":"Emergence of scaling in random networks","volume":"286","author":"Albert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Nasrallah, A., Thyagaturu, A., Alharbi, Z., Wang, C., Shao, X., Reisslein, M., and ElBakoury, H. (2018). Ultra-Low Latency (ULL) Networks: A Comprehensive Survey Covering the IEEE TSN Standard and Related ULL Research. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600435CM","article-title":"Latency Critical IoT Applications in 5G: Perspective on the Design of Radio Interface and Network Architecture","volume":"55","author":"Schulz","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breslau, L., Cao, P., Fan, L., Phillips, G., and Shenker, S. (1999, January 21\u201325). Web caching and Zipf-like distributions: Evidence and implications. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, The Future is Now (Cat. No. 99CH36320), New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.1999.749260"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Fricker, C., Robert, P., and Roberts, J. (2012, January 4\u20137). A versatile and accurate approximation for LRU cache performance. Proceedings of the Final Program\u20142012 24th International Teletraffic Congress, ITC 24, Krakow, Poland."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4018\/IJGHPC.2019040105","article-title":"A load and distance aware cloudlet selection strategy in multi-cloudlet environment","volume":"11","author":"Somula","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Grid High Perform. Comput."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963548313000552","article-title":"Greedy random walk","volume":"23","author":"Orenshtein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comb. Probab. Comput."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/14\/3\/68\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:26:29Z","timestamp":1760135189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/14\/3\/68"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["fi14030068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi14030068","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-5903"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]}}}