{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T12:16:29Z","timestamp":1784636189927,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the project of University of Catania PIACERI, PIAno di inCEntivi per la RIcerca di Ateneo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study of the behaviors of large community of researchers and what correlations exist between their environment, such as grouping rules by law or specific institution policies, and their performance is an important topic since it affects the metrics used to evaluate the quality of the research. Moreover, in several countries, such as Italy, these metrics are also used to define the recruitment and funding policies. To effectively study these topics, we created a procedure that allow us to craft a large dataset of Italian Academic researchers, having the most important performance indices together with co-authorships information, mixing data extracted from the official list of academic researchers provided by Italian Ministry of University and Research and the Elsevier\u2019s Scopus database. In this paper, we discuss our approach to automate the process of correct association of profiles and the mapping of publications reducing the use of computational resources. We also present the characteristics of four datasets related to specific research fields defined by the Italian Ministry of University and Research used to group the Italian researchers. Then, we present several examples of how the information extracted from these datasets can help to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics influencing scientist performances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi14060187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T01:48:12Z","timestamp":1655430492000},"page":"187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Co-Authorship Networks Analysis to Discover Collaboration Patterns among Italian Researchers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-840X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenza","family":"Carchiolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 9-95127 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5841-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Grassia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 9-95127 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9279-3129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Malgeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 9-95127 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-0112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mangioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 9-95127 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13130-4","article-title":"Early coauthorship with top scientists predicts success in academic careers","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2017.10.001","article-title":"The science of science: From the perspective of complex systems","volume":"714","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4217","article-title":"Data-driven predictions in the science of science","volume":"355","author":"Clauset","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaao0185","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao0185","article-title":"Science of science","volume":"359","author":"Fortunato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.122.3159.108","article-title":"Citation indexes for science: A new dimension in documentation through association of ideas","volume":"122","author":"Garfield","year":"1955","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1126\/science.149.3683.510","article-title":"Networks of scientific papers: The pattern of bibliographic references indicates the nature of the scientific research front","volume":"149","author":"Price","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Elkana, Y. (1978). Toward a Metric of Science, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16569","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507655102","article-title":"An index to quantify an individual\u2019s scientific research output","volume":"102","author":"Hirsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/4441003a","article-title":"Measures for measures","volume":"444","author":"Lehmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.1.90","article-title":"The history and meaning of the journal impact factor","volume":"295","author":"Garfield","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","article-title":"Collective dynamics of \u2018small-world\u2019networks","volume":"393","author":"Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509","article-title":"Emergence of scaling in random networks","volume":"286","author":"Albert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4371(02)00736-7","article-title":"Evolution of the social network of scientific collaborations","volume":"311","author":"Jeong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"016131","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.64.016131","article-title":"Scientific collaboration networks. I. Network construction and fundamental results","volume":"64","author":"Newman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5200","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307545100","article-title":"Coauthorship networks and patterns of scientific collaboration","volume":"101","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2005.03.012","article-title":"Co-authorship networks in the digital library research community","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2007.07.028","article-title":"Empirical analysis of the evolution of a scientific collaboration network","volume":"385","author":"Tomassini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21614","article-title":"Collaboration in computer science: A network science approach","volume":"62","author":"Franceschet","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1086\/421508","article-title":"Network dynamics and field evolution: The growth of interorganizational collaboration in the life sciences","volume":"110","author":"Powell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129183107011194","article-title":"Modeling temporal and spatial features of collaboration network","volume":"18","author":"Chandra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Mod. Phys. C"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0439-1","article-title":"Community structure and patterns of scientific collaboration in business and management","volume":"89","author":"Evans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93409-5_27","article-title":"Analysis of the Co-authorship Sub-networks of Italian Academic Researchers","volume":"1015","author":"Carchiolo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stud. Comput. Intell."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03746-5","article-title":"The coauthorship networks of the most productive European researchers","volume":"126","author":"Perc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camacho, D., Rosaci, D., Sarn\u00e9, G.M.L., and Versaci, M. (2022). Preliminary Characterization of Italian Academic Scholars by Their Bibliometrics. Intelligent Distributed Computing XIV, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-96627-0"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8205","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-021-04062-2","article-title":"Partnership ability and co-authorship network of information literacy field","volume":"126","author":"Baji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parish, A.J., Boyack, K.W., and Ioannidis, J.P. (2018). Dynamics of co-authorship and productivity across different fields of scientific research. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189742"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4609","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-021-03991-2","article-title":"A distributed hypergraph model for simulating the evolution of large coauthorship networks","volume":"126","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2022, April 30). Scopus Fact Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0017\/114533\/Scopus-fact-sheet-2022_WEB.pdf."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2022, April 30). Web of Science: Welcome. Available online: https:\/\/clarivate.libguides.com\/home."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2022, April 30). Google Scholar. Available online: https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molontay, R., and Nagy, M. (2019, January 27\u201330). Two Decades of Network Science: As Seen through the Co-Authorship Network of Network Scientists. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, Vancouver, BC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1145\/3341161.3343685"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-021-04120-9","article-title":"Analysis of scientific collaboration network of Italian Institute of Technology","volume":"126","author":"Gandullia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Pradhan, B., Sahoo, S., and Padhan, A. (2021). A Scientometrics Study of Research Productivity of VSS University of Technology (VSSUT) as Reflected in Scopus Database during 2015\u20132020. Libr. Philos. Pract., 1\u201314. Available online: https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/openview\/a13e015440804a2138394f8dc36a68b4\/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=54903."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-022-01175-8","article-title":"Using network analyses to examine the extent to which and in what ways psychology is multidisciplinary","volume":"9","author":"Fujita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Ministero dell\u2019Universit\u2019a e delle Ricerca (MUR) (2022, April 30). Professori e Ricercatori, Available online: https:\/\/www.miur.it\/0002Univer\/0030Profes\/index_cf2.htm."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Elsevier (2022, April 30). Elsevier Developer\u2014Academic Research. Available online: https:\/\/dev.elsevier.com\/api_service_agreement.html."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Elsevier (2022, April 30). Elsevier Developer\u2014API Service Agreement. Available online: https:\/\/dev.elsevier.com\/academic_research_scopus.html."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"2001","article-title":"A Guided Tour to Approximate String Matching","volume":"33","author":"Navarro","year":"1999","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046117","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.84.046117","article-title":"Randomizing world trade. I. A binary network analysis","volume":"84","author":"Squartini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046118","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.84.046118","article-title":"Randomizing world trade. II. A weighted network analysis","volume":"84","author":"Squartini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1137\/S003614450342480","article-title":"The Structure and Function of Complex Networks","volume":"45","author":"Newman","year":"2003","journal-title":"SIAM Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8733(83)90028-X","article-title":"Network structure and minimum degree","volume":"5","author":"Seidman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Soc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11634-010-0079-y","article-title":"Fast algorithms for determining (generalized) core groups in social networks","volume":"5","author":"Batagelj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Data Anal. Classif."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Ministero Dell\u2019Istruzione (MIUR) (2022, April 30). Declaratorie dei Settori Concorsuali, Available online: http:\/\/attiministeriali.miur.it\/media\/174801\/allegato%20b_def.pdf."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.03.028","article-title":"Searching for experts in a context-aware recommendation network","volume":"51","author":"Carchiolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"167","article-title":"The cost of trust in the dynamics of best attachment","volume":"34","author":"Carchiolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Inform."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"498","article-title":"Patterns of authors contribution in scientific manuscripts","volume":"11","author":"Correa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Inf."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/14\/6\/187\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:32:48Z","timestamp":1760139168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/14\/6\/187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["fi14060187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi14060187","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]}}}