{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:47:00Z","timestamp":1760147220292,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006041","name":"Innovate UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>By design, distributed ledger technologies persist low-level data, which makes conducting complex business analysis of the recorded operations challenging. Existing blockchain visualization and analytics tools such as block explorers tend to rely on this low-level data and complex interfacing to provide an enriched level of analytics. The ability to derive richer analytics could be improved through the availability of a higher level abstraction of the data. This article proposes an abstraction layer architecture that enables the design of high-level analytics of distributed ledger systems and the decentralized applications that run on top. Based on the analysis of existing initiatives and identification of the relevant user requirements, this work aims to establish key insights and specifications to improve the auditability and intuitiveness of distributed ledger systems by leveraging the development of future user interfaces. To illustrate the benefits offered by the proposed abstraction layer architecture, a regulated sector use case is explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15010033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T02:59:54Z","timestamp":1673405994000},"page":"33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Abstracting Data in Distributed Ledger Systems for Higher Level Analytics and Visualizations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2720-9771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leny","family":"Vinceslas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Digital Technologies, Loughborough University London, London E20 3BS, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Sound Recording, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1465-6495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safak","family":"Dogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Digital Technologies, Loughborough University London, London E20 3BS, UK"}]},{"given":"Srikumar","family":"Sundareshwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RegulAItion Ltd., Belmont Business Centre, Lewes BN8 6QL, UK"}]},{"given":"Ahmet M.","family":"Kondoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Digital Technologies, Loughborough University London, London E20 3BS, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2018.11.006","article-title":"A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues","volume":"36","author":"Casino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telemat. 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