{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:45:04Z","timestamp":1790358304660,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Grants Commission of Bangladesh"},{"name":"Information and Communication Technology division of the Ministry of Post, Telecommunication, and Information Technology of the Government of Bangladesh"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In digital image processing and steganography, images are often described using edges and local binary pattern (LBP) codes. By combining these two properties, a novel hybrid image steganography method of secret embedding is proposed in this paper. This method only employs edge pixels that influence how well the novel approach embeds data. To increase the quantity of computed edge pixels, several edge detectors are applied and hybridized using a logical OR operation. A morphological dilation procedure in the hybridized edge image is employed to this purpose. The least significant bits (LSB) and all LBP codes are calculated for edge pixels. Afterward, these LBP codes, LSBs, and secret bits using an exclusive-OR operation are merged. These resulting implanted bits are delivered to edge pixels\u2019 LSBs. The experimental results show that the suggested approach outperforms current strategies in terms of measuring perceptual transparency, such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSI). The embedding capacity per tempered pixel in the proposed approach is also substantial. Its embedding guidelines protect the privacy of implanted data. The entropy, correlation coefficient, cosine similarity, and pixel difference histogram data show that our proposed method is more resistant to various types of cyber-attacks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15030108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T02:31:55Z","timestamp":1678674715000},"page":"108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Novel Hybrid Edge Detection and LBP Code-Based Robust Image Steganography Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6551-6273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Habiba","family":"Sultana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh 2220, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. H. M.","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh 2220, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8205-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gahangir","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6798-6535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ashad","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.06.075","article-title":"Comprehensive survey of image steganography: Techniques, Evaluations, and trends in future research","volume":"335","author":"Kadhim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2017.0162","article-title":"Comprehensive survey of 3D image steganography techniques","volume":"12","author":"Girdhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"IET Image Process."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kusuma, E.J., Indriani, O.R., Sari, C.A., and Rachmawanto, E.H. 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